waste characterisation study by parliamentary areas in penang · p041 kepala batas ampang jajar...
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PENANG WASTE
CHARACTERISATION
STUDY 2016:
BY PARLIAMENTARY AREAS
i
Contents
ACRONYMNS .............................................................................................................................. v
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3
2. Samples for the Waste Separation Study ........................................................................... 2
3. Sampling Schedule ............................................................................................................. 5
4. Results ................................................................................................................................ 6
4.1. P041 Kepala Batas ....................................................................................................... 8
4.2. P042 Tasek Gelugor ..................................................................................................... 9
4.3. P043 Bagan ................................................................................................................ 10
4.4. P044 Permatang Pauh ............................................................................................... 11
4.5. P045 Bukit Mertajam ................................................................................................ 12
4.6. P046 Batu Kawan ....................................................................................................... 13
4.7. P047 Nibong Tebal ..................................................................................................... 14
4.8. P048 Bukit Bendera ................................................................................................... 15
4.9. P049 Tanjong ............................................................................................................. 16
4.10. P050 Jelutong ........................................................................................................ 17
4.11. P051 Bukit Gelugor ................................................................................................ 18
4.12. P052 Bayan Baru .................................................................................................... 19
4.13. P053 Balik Pulau .................................................................................................... 20
5. Overall Summary .............................................................................................................. 21
5.1. Comparison by Parliamentary Areas (%) ................................................................... 21
5.2. Comparison by Waste Composition .......................................................................... 22
5.3. Comparison by Weekend and Weekdays .................................................................. 27
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS................................................................................................... 31
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................. 34
.......................................................................................................................................... 36
ii
List of Tables
Table 1: Parliamentary Constituencies and Survey Sites ........................................................... 5
Table 2: Sampling Dates of the Parliamentary Constituencies .................................................. 5
Table 3: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling I6
Table 4: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling II
.................................................................................................................................................... 7
Table 5: Waste composition of P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekend and the Average
(%) .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Table 6: Waste composition of P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%) .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Table 7: Waste composition of P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%) .. 10
Table 8: Waste composition of P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the
Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 11
Table 9: Waste composition of P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the
Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 12
Table 10: Waste composition of P046 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Table 11: Waste composition of P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Table 12: Waste composition of P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the
Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 15
Table 13: Waste composition of P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
.................................................................................................................................................. 16
Table 14: Waste composition of P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
.................................................................................................................................................. 17
Table 15: Waste composition of P051 Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
.................................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 16: Waste composition of P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Table 17: Waste composition of P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Table 18: Waste Composition by Waste Type and Location .................................................... 22
Table 19: Average Waste Composition on Weekdays for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and
Overall State (%) ....................................................................................................................... 27
Table 20: Average Waste Composition on Weekends for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and
Overall State (%) ....................................................................................................................... 28
Table 21: Average Waste Composition for Penang Island (%) ................................................. 29
iii
Table 22: Composition of MSW, MBPP and MPSP, 2003 ......................................................... 32
List of Charts
Chart 1: Comparison of Waste Composition for P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average ......................................................................................................................... 8
Chart 2: Comparison of Waste composition for P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average ......................................................................................................................... 9
Chart 3: Comparison of Waste composition for P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the
Average .................................................................................................................................... 10
Chart 4: Comparison of Waste composition for P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays,
Weekends and the Average (%) ............................................................................................... 11
Chart 5: Comparison of Waste composition for P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays,
Weekends and the Average (%) ............................................................................................... 12
Chart 6: Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 13
Chart 7 : Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 14
Chart 8: Comparison of Waste composition for P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 15
Chart 9: Comparison of Waste composition for P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and
the Average (%) ........................................................................................................................ 16
Chart 10: Comparison of Waste composition for P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and
the Average (%) ........................................................................................................................ 17
Chart 11: Comparison of Waste composition for P051 Bukit Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 18
Chart 12: Comparison of Waste composition for P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 19
Chart 13: Comparison of Waste composition for P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends
and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 20
Chart 14: Overall Waste Composition (%) at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016 ................ 23
Chart 15: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Seberang Perai at Pulau Burung Landfill,
Penang, 2016 ........................................................................................................................... 24
Chart 16: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Penang Island at Pulau Burung Landfill,
Penang, 2016 ........................................................................................................................... 24
Chart 17: Comparison of Waste Composition at Pulau Burung Landfill by Waste Type and
Location (%).............................................................................................................................. 25
iv
Chart 18: Comparison of Organic Waste, Recyclable and Non-recyclable Waste Disposed at
Pulau Burung Landfill by Location. ........................................................................................... 26
Chart 19: Overall State Waste Composition by Weekday and Weekend Average ................... 30
List of Figures
Figure 1: Map of Penang Showing Parliamentary Constituencies ............................................. 4
v
ACRONYMNS
C&D Construction & Demolition Waste
GW Green Waste
HDPE High-density polyethylene
HP Hard Plastics consists of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS),
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Mixed plastic alloys
MBPP Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang (Penang Island City Council)
MPSP Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai (Seberang Perai Municipal Council)
OCC Old Corrugated Cardboard
ONP Old Newspaper
PE or LDPE Low-density polyethylene
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
PP Polypropylene
1
ABSTRACT
Survey results indicate that organic waste (45.21%) is the major component of waste disposed at the
Pulau Burung Landfill. This is followed by Others (Non-Recyclables) at 39.48% and Plastics at
10.34%.Seberang Perai has a slightly higher percentage of organic waste compared to Penang Island.
Plastic waste comprising of mainly PE (LDPE) in the form of plastic bags constitute 7.48% of the total
plastic waste component. Paper and Paper Products comprises only 3.57%. Ferrous and non-ferrous
waste comprises 1.05% and 0.23% respectively.
ONP is noticeably missing in Seberang Perai and constitutes only 0.06% of waste from Penang Island.
This shows that there is a high recovery of ONP at source. The composition of other types of plastics
such as PET (which is mainly PET bottles – 1.05%), HDPE (0.43%), hard plastics (0.14%) and both
ferrous (1.05%) and non-ferrous (0.23%) are also low which may indicate resource recovery at point
of generation.
The comparison of waste types categorized into organic waste, recyclable waste and non-recyclable
waste shows that only 14-15% of waste disposed at the Pulau Burung landfill are considered
recyclable with Penang Island having a slightly higher proportion of recyclable waste. Both Seberang
Perai and Penang Island have a high proportion of non-recyclable waste of 37.6% to 41.7% which is
considered quite high.
Organic waste seems higher in Seberang Perai (50.04%) than Penang Island (41.43%) on both
weekends and weekdays. It is also observed that non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) are
higher than that of Seberang Perai (35.98%) on weekdays.
On weekends, more organic waste is being discarded from Sebarang Perai (46.08%) as compared to
Penang Island (42.34%). However, non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) when compared to
that from Seberang Perai (34.98%) on weekends. The amount of waste plastics is more or less the
same for both sides.
It can be observed that the results from this waste composition study shows a large amount of
organic waste is being disposed at the Pulau Burung Landfill and this is also true for non-recyclables.
Paper and paper products are also of low value with negligible quantities from Seberang Perai. Most
paper products like drinking cups, food containers and wrappers are already soiled and wet. Some of
these have already disintegrated beyond recognition and treated as residuals or non-recyclables.
Ferrous and non-ferrous waste are also low and this shows an active recovery at source.
2
The amount of recyclables from plastic waste is small and is of low quality comprising mostly of
soiled food containers, wrappers, supermarket plastic bags and packaging.
For hard plastic category such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS), Mixed plastic alloys the quantities are also small.
Comparing the results survey with a previous survey quoted by UNDP SWM survey (2003), it can be
seen that the amount of food / organic waste (41.5%) has risen slightly compared to the current
overall State average (45.2%). Green waste or yard and garden waste has declined from 11.0% (2003)
to 0.24% (2016).
Paper and paper products discarded at the landfill has fallen sharply from 16.5% (2003) to 2.46%
(2016). The plastics category also shows a decline from 16% (2003) to 10.34% (2016). Metals fell
from 4.5 % (2003) to 1.28% (2016).
In the others category, there was a sharp increase to 39.47% (2016) from 7.0% (2003). This also
indicates that there is an increase in non-recyclables collected from households.
The general implications of the study is that since the introduction of the waste segregation at source
regulation, the valuable recyclables have already been removed out of the waste stream for recycling
and only non-recyclables are discarded for municipal collection. Although waste segregation at
source regulation is not fully complied with by the general public, it is evident that less valuable
recyclables are being discarded.
3
Waste Characterization Study by Parliamentary Areas in Penang
1. Introduction
Infitech Sdn Bhd has been appointed by GEC (Global Environmental Foundation) to
undertake the Waste Characterisation Study of incoming waste at the Pulau Burung
Sanitary Landfill under the CCAC Project Activity 1: Feasibility Study for Material
Recovery Facility (MRF) & Bio-Digester at Phase 3, Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill, Penang,
Malaysia
A Waste Characterisation study was carried out with the objective of studying the waste
types and amount coming in from both Penang Island and Seberang Perai. This is to aid
in the identification the appropriate technologies for the MRF and bio-digester during
the second part of the project.
This is a waste characterisation study samples of MSW will be for a period of 30 calendar
days from both Penang Island and Seberang Perai and sampled according to 13
parliamentary constituencies and sorted out into 11 categories. Sample size taken is
about 500 kg per truck per area. The waste types are categorized in such a manner so as
to determine how much materials and what sorts can be recovered further for recycling.
Each parliamentary area will be sampled twice; once on a week day and another on a
weekend to determine if there are any difference in quantities disposed at the landfill. A
total of 26 samples will be collected and studied.
4
The figure below shows the map of all the Parliamentary Constituencies in Penang.
Figure 1: Map of Penang Showing Parliamentary Constituencies
5
Table 1: Parliamentary Constituencies and Survey Sites
Code Constituencies Survey Site
Seberang Perai
P041 Kepala Batas Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P042 Tasek Gelugor Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P043 Bagan Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P044 Permatang Pauh Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P045 Bukit Mertajam Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill
P046 Batu Kawan Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill
P047 Nibong Tebal Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill
Penang Island
P048 Bukit Bendera Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P049 Tanjong Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P050 Jelutong Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P051 Bukit Gelugor Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P052 Bayan Baru Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
P053 Balik Pulau Ampang Jajar Transfer Station
Waste from all parliamentary constituencies will sampled at the Ampang Jajar Transfer
Station except for 2 areas, P46 (Batu Kawan) and P47 Nibong Tebal which will be studied at
the Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill.
The samples will be separated into the different categories; weighed and recorded e.g.
recyclables consisting of paper products, different types of plastics, ferrous metals,
non-ferrous metals, organic waste and residuals for final disposal etc.
Note: LDPE and PE is used interchangeably in this document.
No. Categories Example
1 Organic waste
2 Paper & Paper products OCC, ONP
3 Green Waste & Woody & Construction & Demolition Waste
4 Ferrous
5 Non- Ferrous
6 Plastics PE, PET, LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PS, PP
7 Others Non Recyclables , Residues
2
2. Samples for the Waste Separation Study
All samples brought into the landfill by 1 or 2 ton truck will be
the samples for separation test
500 kg will be sampled from these trucks.
Organic waste Non-organic waste The 500 kg sample will be
separated into the different
categories and weighed.
Paper (OCC, ONP) Ferrous/N
on-ferrous
Plastic Others
PP
LDPE
PET
HDPE
HP
Organic GW+
WoodyC&D
3
The “Cone Quartering ” method is adopted in sample
collection for the organic waste portion only after waste
separation.
Moisture* - Drying by the oven
4
“Cone quartering” method for sample collection
The organic waste portion is
separated from plastic bag,
weighed and homogenized them
by mixing.
Drop the sample from an upper part and
pile up in a conical shape
Make a flat by pushing down
vertically from the upper part
Breaking into four and two oppositely facing parts are
selected as samples
sample X
5
3. Sampling Schedule
The sampling schedule for the various parliamentary Constituencies are shown in the table below.
Table 2: Sampling Dates of the Parliamentary Constituencies
Code Constituencies
Sampling Date
Weekday
Sample
Weekend
Sample
P041 Kepala Batas 27/10/2016 15/10/2016
P042 Tasek Gelugor 18/10/2016 22/10/2016
P043 Bagan 19/10/2016 16/10/2016
P044 Permatang Pauh 28/10/2016 23/10/2016
P045 Bukit Mertajam 13/10/2016 16/10/2016
P046 Batu Kawan 04/10/2016 01/10/2016
P047 Nibong Tebal 04/10/2016 2/10/2016
P048 Bukit Bendera 20/10/2016 30/10/2016
P049 Tanjong 13/10/2016 16/10/2016
P050 Jelutong 18/10/2016 29/10/2016
P051 Bukit Gelugor 21/10/2016 23/1/0/2016
P052 Bayan Baru 18/10/2016 16/10/2016
P053 Balik Pulau 31/10/2016 17/10/2016
6
4. Results
The results of the Waste Composition Survey at the Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill by
parliamentary areas are tabulated in the following section.
The Weekday and Weekend values by Parliamentary constituencies and waste type are tabulated
in the table below. The composition of organic waste on the state average is observed to be slightly
higher during weekdays when compared to weekends but there the proportion of others seems
unchanged.
Table 3: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling I
Code Constituencies
Organic
Waste
(%)
OCC
(%)
ONP
(%)
GW +
Woody
C&D
(%)
Ferrous
(%)
Non-Ferrous
(%)
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
P041 Kepala Batas 56.7 49.0 1.3 2.3 - - - 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.2
P042 Tasek Gelugor 59.7 50.1 2.0 3.5 - - 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.2
P043 Bagan 61.6 57.5 1.5 4.9 - - 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.4
P044 Permatang Pauh 50.5 41.3 3.8 3.6 - - - - 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.2
P045 Bukit Mertajam 43.3 53.7 3.7 3.2 - - 0.6 0.3 1.8 2.2 0.1 0.2
P046 Batu Kawan 40.5 37.7 6.6 4.1 - - - - 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1
P047 Nibong Tebal 38.0 33.3 6.7 4.4 - - - - 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.0
P048 Bukit Bendera 47.4 50.0 4.0 3.6 - - - - 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2
P049 Tanjong 32.7 32.7 5.5 5.5 - - - - 2.0 2.0 0.2 0.2
P050 Jelutong 39.8 37.7 - 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 - 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5
P051 Bukit Gelugor 42.4 42.4 0.9 1.1 - - - 0.9 0.4 0.6 - -
P052 Bayan Baru 46.8 41.0 9.1 3.0 - - 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.2
P053 Balik Pulau 39.5 50.3 1.6 - 0.4 - - 0.4 3.0 0.7 0.1 0.1
State Average (%) 46.1 44.4 3.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.3
7
Table 4: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling II
Code Constituencies
PP
(%)
LDPE
(%)
PET
(%)
HDPE
(%)
HP
(%)
Others
(%)
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
Wee
kday
Wee
ken
d
P041 Kepala Batas 1.83 1.46 4.94 8.19 0.91 1.17 0.18 0.59 - - 32.91 33.48
P042 Tasek Gelugor 1.35 1.35 5.88 5.25 1.68 1.08 0.67 0.54 0.34 - 27.06 37.08
P043 Bagan 1.47 1.05 5.70 5.09 0.92 0.88 0.37 0.53 - - 27.21 28.60
P044 Permatang Pauh 0.85 1.79 5.29 4.11 1.02 0.89 0.34 0.36 - - 36.43 46.79
P045 Bukit Mertajam 0.67 0.96 8.44 7.37 1.89 1.92 0.33 1.28 - - 39.22 28.85
P046 Batu Kawan 1.28 0.52 6.24 6.44 0.84 0.43 0.32 0.20 - - 43.33 49.96
P047 Nibong Tebal 0.80 1.20 7.11 9.01 0.52 1.53 0.26 0.40 0.17 - 45.70 49.60
P048 Bukit Bendera 1.00 0.60 5.40 11.20 1.00 1.20 0.40 0.40 0.80 - 38.80 32.00
P049 Tanjong 1.61 1.61 8.75 8.75 0.89 0.89 0.71 0.71 0.36 0.36 47.32 47.32
P050 Jelutong 1.75 1.49 5.79 5.60 0.70 1.49 0.53 0.56 - 1.50 50.09 47.01
P051 Bukit Gelugor 1.27 1.31 6.34 6.54 0.91 0.94 0.36 0.19 - - 47.46 45.98
P052 Bayan Baru 0.36 1.80 8.00 26.07 0.54 1.64 - 0.16 - 0.16 33.86 24.59
P053 Balik Pulau 1.32 1.75 7.37 5.59 0.66 0.70 0.26 0.52 - - 45.79 40.05
State Average (%) 1.20 1.30 6.56 8.40 0.96 1.14 0.36 0.50 0.13 0.16 39.63 39.33
8
4.1. P041 Kepala Batas
Table 5: Waste composition of P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekend and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 56.7 49.0 52.8
OCC 1.3 2.3 1.8
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - 1.5 0.7
Ferrous 1.1 1.3 1.2
Non-Ferrous 0.2 1.2 0.7
PP 1.8 1.5 1.6
LDPE 4.9 8.2 6.6
PET 0.9 1.2 1.0
HDPE 0.2 0.6 0.4
HP - - -
Others 32.9 33.5 33.2
Total 100.0 100.2
Chart 1: Comparison of Waste Composition for P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
56.7 1.3
- -
1.1 0.2
1.8 4.9
0.9 0.2
- 32.9
49.0 2.3
- 1.5
1.3 1.2
1.5 8.2
1.2 0.6
- 33.5
52.8 1.8
- 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.6 6.6 1.0 0.4
- 33.2
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
9
4.2. P042 Tasek Gelugor
Table 6: Waste composition of P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 59.7 50.1 54.9
OCC 2.0 3.5 2.8
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D 0.5 0.1 0.3
Ferrous 0.7 0.8 0.7
Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2
PP 1.4 1.4 1.4
PE 5.9 5.3 5.6
PET 1.7 1.1 1.4
HDPE 0.7 0.5 0.6
HP 0.3 - 0.2
Others 27.1 37.1 32.1
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 2: Comparison of Waste composition for P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the
Average
59.7 2.0
- 0.5
0.7 0.2 1.4 5.9
1.7 0.7
0.3 27.1
50.1 3.5
- 0.1
0.8 0.2 1.4 5.3
1.1 0.5
- 37.1
54.9 2.8
- 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.4 5.6 1.4 0.6 0.2
32.1
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
10
4.3. P043 Bagan
Table 7: Waste composition of P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 61.6 57.5 59.6
OCC 1.5 4.9 3.2
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ferrous 0.7 0.7 0.7
Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.4 0.3
PP 1.5 1.1 1.3
PE 5.7 5.1 5.4
PET 0.9 0.9 0.9
HDPE 0.4 0.5 0.5
HP - - -
Others 27.2 28.6 27.9
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 3: Comparison of Waste composition for P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
61.6 1.5
- 0.4 0.7
0.2 1.5
5.7 0.9
0.4 -
27.2
57.5 4.9
- 0.4 0.7
0.4 1.1
5.1 0.9
0.5 -
28.6
59.6 3.2
- 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.3 5.4 0.9 0.5
- 27.9
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
11
4.4. P044 Permatang Pauh
Table 8: Waste composition of P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 50.5 41.3 45.9
OCC 3.8 3.6 3.7
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - - -
Ferrous 1.7 1.1 1.4
Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.2 0.1
PP 0.9 1.8 1.3
LDPE 5.3 4.1 4.7
PET 1.0 0.9 1.0
HDPE 0.3 0.4 0.4
HP - - -
Others 36.4 46.8 41.6
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 4: Comparison of Waste composition for P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%)
50.5 3.8
- -
1.7 0.1 0.9
5.3 1.0
0.3 -
36.4
41.3 3.6
- -
1.1 0.2 1.8
4.1 0.9
0.4 -
46.8
45.9 3.7
- -
1.4 0.1 1.3 4.7 1.0 0.4
- 41.6
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
12
4.5. P045 Bukit Mertajam
Table 9: Waste composition of P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 43.3 53.7 48.5
OCC 3.7 3.2 3.4
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D 0.6 0.3 0.4
Ferrous 1.8 2.2 2.0
Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.2 0.1
PP 0.7 1.0 0.8
LDPE 8.4 7.4 7.9
PET 1.9 1.9 1.9
HDPE 0.3 1.3 0.8
HP - - -
Others 39.2 28.9 34.0
100.0 100.0
Chart 5: Comparison of Waste composition for P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%)
43.3 3.7
- 0.6
1.8 0.1 0.7
8.4 1.9
0.3 -
39.2
53.7 3.2
- 0.3
2.2 0.2 1.0
7.4 1.9
1.3 -
28.9
48.5 3.4
- 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.8 7.9 1.9 0.8
- 34.0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
13
4.6. P046 Batu Kawan
Table 10: Waste composition of P046 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 40.5 37.7 39.1
OCC 6.7 4.1 5.4
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - - -
Ferrous 0.3 0.6 0.4
Non-Ferrous 0.4 0.1 0.2
PP 1.3 0.5 0.9
LDPE 6.3 6.4 6.4
PET 0.8 0.4 0.6
HDPE 0.3 0.2 0.3
HP - - -
Others 43.5 50.0 46.7
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 6: Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
40.5 6.7
- -
0.3 0.4
1.3 6.3
0.8 0.3
- 43.5
37.7 4.1
- -
0.6 0.1
0.5 6.4
0.4 0.2
- 50.0
39.1 5.4
- -
0.4 0.2 0.9 6.4 0.6 0.3
- 46.7
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
14
4.7. P047 Nibong Tebal
Table 11: Waste composition of P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 38.0 33.3 35.7
OCC 6.5 4.4 5.5
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - - -
Ferrous 0.5 0.5 0.5
Non-Ferrous 0.6 0.0 0.3
PP 0.8 1.2 1.0
LDPE 7.1 9.0 8.1
PET 0.5 1.5 1.0
HDPE 0.3 0.4 0.3
HP 0.2 - 0.1
Others 45.5 49.5 47.5
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 7 : Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%)
38.0 6.5
- -
0.5 0.6
0.8 7.1
0.5 0.3
0.2 45.5
33.3 4.4
- -
0.5 0.0
1.2 9.0
1.5 0.4
- 49.5
35.7 5.5
- -
0.5 0.3 1.0 8.1 1.0 0.3 0.1
47.5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
15
4.8. P048 Bukit Bendera
Table 12: Waste composition of P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 47.4 50.0 48.7
OCC 4.0 3.6 3.8
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - - -
Ferrous 1.0 0.8 0.9
Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2
PP 1 0.6 0.8
LDPE 5.4 11.2 8.3
PET 1.0 1.2 1.1
HDPE 0.4 0.4 0.4
HP 0.8 - 0.4
Others 38.8 32.0 35.4
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 8: Comparison of Waste composition for P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%)
47.4 4.0
- -
1.0 0.2
1 5.4
1.0 0.4
0.8 38.8
50.0 3.6
- -
0.8 0.2
0.6 11.2
1.2 0.4
- 32.0
48.7 3.8
- -
0.9 0.2 0.8 8.3 1.1 0.4 0.4
35.4
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
16
4.9. P049 Tanjong
Table 13: Waste composition of P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 32.7 31.0 31.8
OCC 5.5 4.4 5.0
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - 0.4 0.2
Ferrous 2.0 1.4 1.7
Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2
PP 1.6 1.0 1.3
LDPE 8.8 8.4 8.6
PET 0.9 0.8 0.8
HDPE 0.7 0.2 0.5
HP 0.4 0.2 0.3
Others 47.3 52.0 49.7
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 9: Comparison of Waste composition for P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
32.7 5.5
- -
2.0 0.2
1.6 8.8 0.9
0.7 0.4
47.3
31.0 4.4
- 0.4
1.4 0.2
1.0 8.4 0.8
0.2 0.2
52.0
31.8 5.0
- 0.2 1.7 0.2 1.3 8.6 0.8 0.5 0.3
49.7
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
17
4.10. P050 Jelutong
Table 14: Waste composition of P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 39.8 37.7 38.8
OCC - 3.4 1.7
ONP 0.2 0.2 0.2
GW + Woody C&D 0.4 - 0.2
Ferrous 0.7 0.6 0.6
Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.5 0.3
PP 1.8 1.5 1.6
LDPE 5.8 5.6 5.7
PET 0.7 1.5 1.1
HDPE 0.5 0.6 0.5
HP - 1.5 0.8
Others 50.1 47.0 48.6
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 10: Comparison of Waste composition for P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
39.8 -
0.2 0.4
0.7 0.1
1.8 5.8
0.7 0.5
- 50.1
37.7 3.4
0.2 -
0.6 0.5
1.5 5.6
1.5 0.6
1.5 47.0
38.8 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.6 5.7 1.1 0.5 0.8
48.6
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
18
4.11. P051 Bukit Gelugor
Table 15: Waste composition of P051 Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 42.4 42.4 42.4
OCC 0.9 1.1 1.0
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D - 0.9 0.5
Ferrous 0.4 0.6 0.5
Non-Ferrous - - -
PP 1.3 1.3 1.3
LDPE 6.3 6.5 6.4
PET 0.9 0.9 0.9
HDPE 0.4 0.2 0.3
HP - - -
Others 47.5 46.0 46.7
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 11: Comparison of Waste composition for P051 Bukit Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average
(%)
42.4 0.9
- -
0.4 -
1.3 6.3 0.9
0.4 -
47.5
42.4 1.1
- 0.9
0.6 -
1.3 6.5 0.9
0.2 -
46.0
42.4 1.0
- 0.5 0.5
- 1.3 6.4 0.9 0.3
- 46.7
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
19
4.12. P052 Bayan Baru
Table 16: Waste composition of P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 46.8 41.0 43.9
OCC 9.1 3.0 6.0
ONP - - -
GW + Woody C&D 0.5 0.3 0.4
Ferrous 0.5 1.2 0.8
Non-Ferrous 0.3 0.2 0.2
PP 0.4 1.8 1.1
LDPE 8.0 26.1 17.0
PET 0.5 1.6 1.1
HDPE - 0.2 0.1
HP - 0.2 0.1
Others 33.9 24.6 29.2
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 12: Comparison of Waste composition for P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
46.8 9.1
- 0.5
0.5 0.3
0.4 8.0 0.5
- -
33.9
41.0 3.0
- 0.3
1.2 0.2
1.8 26.1 1.6
0.2 0.2
24.6
43.9 6.0
- 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.1
17.0 1.1 0.1 0.1
29.2
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic wasteOCCONP
GW + Woody C&DFerrous
Non-FerrousPPPE
PETHDPE
HPOthers
Weekday Weekend Average
20
4.13. P053 Balik Pulau
Table 17: Waste composition of P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average
Organic waste 39.5 50.3 44.9
OCC 1.6 - 0.8
ONP 0.4 - 0.2
GW + Woody C&D - 0.4 0.2
Ferrous 3.0 0.7 1.9
Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.1 0.1
PP 1.3 1.8 1.5
LDPE 7.4 5.6 6.5
PET 0.7 0.7 0.7
HDPE 0.3 0.5 0.4
HP - - -
Others 45.8 40.1 42.9
Total 100.0 100.0
Chart 13: Comparison of Waste composition for P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)
39.5
1.6
0.4
-
3.0
0.1
1.3
7.4
0.7
0.3
-
45.8
50.3
-
-
0.4
0.7
0.1
1.8
5.6
0.7
0.5
-
40.1
44.9
0.8
0.2
0.2
1.9
0.1
1.5
6.5
0.7
0.4
-
42.9
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic waste
OCC
ONP
GW + Woody C&D
Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
PP
PE
PET
HDPE
HP
Others
Weekday Weekend Average
21
5. Overall Summary
The overall summary of this parliamentary survey is discussed in the section below.
5.1. Comparison by Parliamentary Areas (%)
Co
de
Constituencies
Org
anic
Was
te
OC
C
ON
P
GW
+C&
D
Ferr
ou
s
No
n-F
err
ou
s
PP
LDP
E
PET
HD
PE
HP
OTH
ERS
%
P041 Kepala Batas 52.8 1.8 - 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.6 6.6 1.0 0.4 - 33.2
P042 Tasek Gelugor 54.9 2.8 - 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.4 5.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 32.1
P043 Bagan 59.6 3.2 - 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.3 5.4 0.9 0.5 - 27.9
P044 Permatang
Pauh
45.9 3.7 - - 1.4 0.1 1.3 4.7 1.0 0.4 - 41.6
P045 Bukit
Mertajam
48.5 3.4 - 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.8 7.9 1.9 0.8 - 34.0
P046 Batu Kawan 39.1 5.4 - - 0.4 0.2 0.9 6.3 0.6 0.3 - 46.6
P047 Nibong Tebal 35.7 5.6 - - 0.5 0.3 1.0 8.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 47.7
P048 Bukit Bendera 48.7 3.8 - - 0.9 0.2 0.8 8.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 35.4
P049 Tanjong 32.7 5.5 - - 2.0 0.2 1.6 8.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 47.3
P050 Jelutong 38.8 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.6 5.7 1.1 0.5 0.8 48.6
P051 Bukit Gelugor 42.4 1.0 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.3 6.4 0.9 0.3 - 46.7
P052 Bayan Baru 43.9 6.0 - 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.1 17.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 29.2
P053 Balik Pulau 44.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.9 0.1 1.5 6.5 0.7 0.4 - 42.9
22
5.2. Comparison by Waste Composition
Survey results indicate that organic waste (45.21%) is the major component of waste disposed at the Pulau
Burung Landfill. This is followed by Others (Non-Recyclables) at 39.48% and Plastics at 10.34%.Seberang
Perai has a slightly higher percentage of organic waste compared to Penang Island.
Plastic waste comprising of mainly PE (LDPE) in the form of plastic bags constitute 7.48% of the total plastic
waste component. Paper and Paper Products comprises only 3.57%. Ferrous and non-ferrous waste
comprises 1.05% and 0.23% respectively.
ONP is noticeably missing in Seberang Perai and constitutes only 0.06% of waste from Penang Island. This
shows that there is a high recovery of ONP at source. The composition of other types of plastics such as
PET (which is mainly PET bottles – 1.05%), HDPE (0.43%), hard plastics (0.14%) and both ferrous (1.05%)
and non-ferrous (0.23%) are also low which may indicate resource recovery at point of generation.
Table 18: Waste Composition by Waste Type and Location
Waste Type Seberang
Perai
(%)
Penang
Island
(%)
Penang State
Average (%)
Organic Waste 48.06 41.88 45.21
OCC 3.68 3.14 3.44
ONP - 0.06 0.03
GW+C&D 0.26 0.21 0.24
Ferrous 1.01 1.11 1.05
Non-Ferrous 0.28 0.17 0.23
PP 1.18 1.32 1.25
PE/LDPE 6.36 8.78 7.48
PET 1.12 0.96 1.05
HDPE 0.46 0.40 0.43
HP 0.04 0.27 0.14
Others (Non-Recyclables) 37.59 41.69 39.48
23
Chart 14: Overall Waste Composition (%) at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016
Organic Waste 45.20%
Paper & Paper
Products 3.46%
GW+C&D 0.24%
Ferrous 1.05%
Non-Ferrous 0.23%
Plastics 10.34%
Others (Non-recyclables)
39.47%
24
Chart 15: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Seberang Perai at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016
Chart 16: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Penang Island at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016
Organic Waste 48.04%
Paper & Paper Products
3.68%
GW+C&D 0.26%
Ferrous 1.01%
Non-Ferrous 0.28%
Plastics 9.15%
Others (Non-recyclables)
37.57%
Organic Waste, 41.88
Paper & Paper
Products, 3.21 GW+C&D, 0.21 Ferrous, 1.11
Non-Ferrous, 0.17
Plastics, 11.73
Others (Non-recyclables),
41.69
25
Chart 17: Comparison of Waste Composition at Pulau Burung Landfill by Waste Type and Location (%)
Source: Waste Characterisation Study, Infitech Nov 2016.
The comparison of waste types categorized into organic waste, recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste
shows that only 14-15% of waste disposed at the Pulau Burung landfill are considered recyclable with Penang
Island having a slightly higher proportion of recyclable waste. Both Seberang Perai and Penang Island have a
high proportion of non-recyclable waste of 37.6% to 41.7% which is considered quite high.
48.06
3.68
-
0.26
1.01
0.28
1.18
6.36
1.12
0.46
0.04
37.59
41.88
3.14
0.06
0.21
1.11
0.17
1.32
8.78
0.96
0.40
0.27
41.69
45.21
3.44
0.03
0.24
1.05
0.23
1.25
7.48
1.05
0.43
0.14
39.48
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Organic Waste
OCC
ONP
GW+C&D
Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
PP
PE
PET
HDPE
HP
OTHERS
Seberang Perai (%) Penang Island (%) State Average (%)
26
Chart 18: Comparison of Organic Waste, Recyclable and Non-recyclable Waste Disposed at Pulau Burung
Landfill by Location.
48.1
41.9
45.2
14.4
16.4
15.3
37.6
41.7
39.5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Seberang Perai (%)
Penang Island (%)
State Average (%)
Organic Waste Recyclables Others (Non-recyclables)
27
5.3. Comparison by Weekend and Weekdays
The comparison of the type of waste on weekdays and weekends are shown in the tables below.
Organic waste seems higher in Seberang Perai (50.04%) than Penang Island (41.43%) on both weekends
and weekdays. It is also observed that non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) are higher than that of
Seberang Perai (35.98%) on weekdays.
Table 19: Average Waste Composition on Weekdays for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and Overall State (%)
Type of Waste Seberang
Perai
Weekday
Average
Penang
Island
Weekday
Average
Overall
Weekday
State
Average
Organic waste 50.04 41.43 46.06
OCC 3.65 3.53 3.59
ONP 0.00 0.10 0.04
GW + Woody C&D 0.20 0.15 0.18
Ferrous 0.98 1.27 1.11
Non-Ferrous 0.25 0.15 0.20
PP 1.18 1.22 1.20
PE/LDPE 6.23 6.94 6.56
PET 1.11 0.78 0.96
HDPE 0.35 0.38 0.36
HP 0.07 0.19 0.13
Others
(Non-Recyclables
35.98 43.89 39.63
On weekends, more organic waste is being discarded from Seberang Perai (46.08%) as compared to Penang
Island (42.34%). However, non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) when compared to that from Seberang
Perai (34.98%) on weekends. The amount of waste plastics is more or less the same for both sides.
28
Table 20: Average Waste Composition on Weekends for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and Overall State (%)
Type of Waste Seberang Perai
Weekend
Average
Penang
Island
Weekend
Average
Overall
Weekend
State
Average
Organic waste 46.08 42.34 44.21
OCC 3.72 2.76 3.24
ONP - 0.03 0.02
GW + Woody C&D 0.32 0.27 0.30
Ferrous 1.04 0.96 1.00
Non-Ferrous 0.31 0.19 0.25
PP 1.19 1.43 1.31
PE/LDPE 6.49 10.63 8.56
PET 1.13 1.14 1.14
HDPE 0.56 0.42 0.49
HP - 0.34 0.17
Others
(Non-Recyclables
39.19 39.49 39.34
29
Table 21: Average Waste Composition for Penang Island (%)
Waste type Penang
Island
Weekend
Average
Penang
Island
Weekday
Average
Overall
Penang
Island
Average
Organic waste 42.34 41.43 41.88
OCC 2.76 3.53 3.14
ONP 0.03 0.10 0.06
GW + Woody
C&D
0.27 0.15 0.21
Ferrous 0.96 1.27 1.11
Non-Ferrous 0.19 0.15 0.17
PP 1.43 1.22 1.32
PE/LDPE 10.63 6.94 8.78
PET 1.14 0.78 0.96
HDPE 0.42 0.38 0.40
HP 0.34 0.19 0.27
Others
(Non-Recyclable
s
39.49 43.89 41.69
30
Chart 19: Overall State Waste Composition by Weekday and Weekend Average
46.06
3.59
0.04
0.18
1.11
0.20
1.20
6.56
0.96
0.36
0.13
39.63
44.35
3.28
0.01
0.30
1.00
0.25
1.30
8.40
1.14
0.50
0.16
39.33
45.21
3.44
0.03
0.24
1.05
0.23
1.25
7.48
1.05
0.43
0.14
39.48
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Organic waste
OCC
ONP
GW + Woody C&D
Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
PP
PE
PET
HDPE
HP
Others
Overall Weekday State Average Overall State Weekend Average Overall State Average
31
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS
It can be observed that the results from this waste composition study shows a large amount of organic waste is
being disposed at the Pulau Burung Landfill and this is also true for non-recyclables.
Paper and paper products are also of low value with negligible quantities from Seberang Perai. Most paper
products like drinking cups, food containers and wrappers are already soiled and wet. Some of these have
already disintegrated beyond recognition and treated as residuals or non-recyclables.
Ferrous and non-ferrous waste is also low and this shows an active recovery at source.
The amount of recyclables from plastic waste is small and is of low quality comprising mostly of soiled food
containers, wrappers, supermarket plastic bags and packaging.
For hard plastic category such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
(ABS), Mixed plastic alloys the quantities are also small.
Comparing the results survey with a previous survey quoted by UNDP SWM survey (2003), it can be seen that
the amount of food / organic waste (41.5%) has risen slightly compared to the current overall State average
(45.2%). Green waste or yard and garden waste has declined from 11.0% (2003) to 0.24% (2016).
32
Table 22: Composition of MSW Year 2003 & 2016 for MBPP & MPSP
Item MPSP MBPP
Penang
State
Overall
Average
(%)
2003
Penang
State
Overall
Average (%)
2016
+/-
Tonnes % Tonnes % % % %
Food 605.84 50 206.23 33 41.5 45.20 3.70
Yard & Garden 148.99 12 59.86 10 11.0 0.24 -10.76
Paper 54.12 5 176.15 28 16.5 3.46 -13.04
Plastics 208.1 17 89.89 15 16.0 10.34 -5.66
Textile/Rubber 38.48 3 19.02 3 3.0 0 -3.00
Metal 43.36 4 29.09 5 4.5 1.28 -3.22
Hazardous 2.69 0.00 1.92 0 0.0 0.23 0.00
Others 98.42 8.00 37.74 6 7.0 39.47 32.47
Total 1,200.00 619.9
Source: Satang 2000 quoted by UNDP SWM Study Report 2007
Paper and paper products discarded at the landfill has fallen sharply from 16.5% (2003) to 2.46% (2016). The
plastics category also shows a decline from 16% (2003) to 10.34% (2016). Metals fell from 4.5 % (2003) to
1.28% (2016).
In the others category, there was a sharp increase to 39.47% (2016) from 7.0% (2003). This also indicates that
there is an increase in non-recyclables collected from households.
The general implications of the study is that since the introduction of the waste segregation at source
regulation, the valuable recyclables have already been removed out of the waste stream for recycling and only
non-recyclables are discarded for municipal collection. Although waste segregation at source regulation is not
fully complied with by the general public, it is evident that less valuable recyclables are being discarded.
There is a need for more awareness of the waste segregation regulation before it is fully enforced with fines.
However, after public education and awareness campaigns have been conducted, there needs to be strong
enforcement. Deterrent action is needed to tackle recalcitrant members of the public to bring about
compliance to cleanliness by-laws.
3
33
There should be emphasis on the 3Rs as it involves changing peoples’ attitudes and present practices to
minimize waste at the front end so that waste is reduced in the first place rather than treating it later.
Resource Recovery covers a wide array of activities ranging from the itinerant buyers going around
neighbourhood in motorcycles, vans and trucks to bigger resource recovery centres even at the Pulau Burung
Landfill itself. It is important to have effective policies and department process maps to tackle the cleanliness
issues.
With such mechanism and infrastructure in place it is only a matter of time before more resource recovery is
achieved in Penang. Penang will continue to move towards achieving its motto “Cleaner, Greener, Safer,
Healthier and Happier Penang.”
34
APPENDIX
Sample Pictures of Progress
Ampang Jajar Pulau Burung
Incoming Waste from Household
Incoming Waste from Household
Unloading Income Waste
Unloading Income Waste
Load for Weighing
Load for Weighing
Sorting
Sorting
35
Ampang Jajar Pulau Burung
Category: Organic Waste
Category: Organic Waste
Category:Wood
Category: OCC
Category: PE
Category: HDPE
Weighing
Weighing
36
THANK YOU
Prepared by: Infitech Machinery Sdn. Bhd.
Assisted by: Khor Hung Teik
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