warm up who can define culture? what goes into culture?
Post on 12-Jan-2016
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Why does Culture Exist?
• Structural Functionalists• Culture provides order and organization to people- a way to belong to
something
• Symbolic Interactionists• Culture is what people make of it-
They either try to fit in or stand out
• Conflict TheoristsCulture is a way of defining and dividing the haves and have-nots
How to Behave• Norms
• Behaviors that are considered appropriate, “normal,” and accepted in society
• We usually do not realize our society’s norms until someone breaks them
• Taboos• Behaviors that are outside of the
norms in a culture• Acting in this way can lead to
formal and informal sanctions• Ex: Drugs, excessive tattoos, incest
List of various groups
School Church
Scouting
Choir
Family
Student Union
Clubs
Sports
Fraternities
Sororities
Work Force (after school job)
Band or Orchestra
Group Activity
• Take Your list with you and to move into groups of 4 students (or less.) • compare their individual lists with other people in their group. • Identify three things that everyone in their group has in common on their
individual lists.
• On a piece of Chart Paper write down the name of the 3 groups you and your group members have in common
• Name • Purposes of that group (why it is in existence) • The beliefs of that group • The rules of the group • Is membership voluntary or involuntary?
You will share one of the three things you and your group had in common with the class, and state the answer(s) you chose for a-e above.
Reflection
• Would you like to live in a place where everyone:• Is the same? (Homogeneous)
• or• Is different? (Heterogeneous)
What is Diversity?
• Cultural diversity refers to the wide range of cultural differences found between and within nations
• Can be a result of natural circumstances (climate, geography) or social circumstances (technology or demographics)
• Societies can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
Have you ever been made to feel like an outsider?
• When societal tensions arise, people may look for others on whom they can place blame or single out persons or groups who are the “outsider”, who do not belong.
Subcultures• Groups that share many elements of
mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms, and lifestyles
• Based on:• Age, gender, wealth, sexual
preference, education, occupation, ethnicity, music, SES, etc.
• Examples:• Residents of China town, circus
people, soldiers in the military
Countercultures• Deliberately and consciously
opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the mainstream culture
• Organize because of:• Inequalities of class, race, age,
gender, etc.
• Examples:• Skinheads, Gang members,
Hippies
Ethnocentrism
• The practice of judging all other cultures by one’s own culture• Based on the assumption that one’s own way of life is superior to all
others• Can be positive or negative
• Culture Shock• Disorientation that is felt when
encountering a radically different culture
• Hand signals• Language• Foods• Ways of acting in public
• Ethnocentrism• Judging all other cultures by your
own culture’s standards• Women’s rights• Dress/ social behavior• Thinking your country’s ways
are the best
• Cultural Relativism• The belief that all countries
should be judged by your country’s standards
Cultural Relativism
• The belief that the behaviors and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture’s own standards
Types of Sanctions
• Formal Sanctions- Positive or negative consequences that are applied by officials
• Positive• good grade given by a
teacher• Medal of Honor- Gov’t
• Negative• Speeding ticket given by a
cop• Detention given by principal
• Informal Sanctions- Positive or negative consequences given out by members of the group
• Positive• Inviting someone to sit with you in the
cafeteria because they helped you in class
• Negative• Giving someone a dirty look for telling on
you in class• Yelling at someone talking/texting loudly
in a movie theater
High Culture• Tastes and creations used by the
upper classes
• Sets them apart from the rest of society
• Requires:• elaborate training• technical proficiency• considerable resources
• Ex. Opera, ballet, fine works of art
Folk Culture• Tastes and creations used by
working-class and minorities
• Produced for and by ordinary people:
• Spontaneous• Familiar• Practical
• Ex. Quilt making, graffiti, break dancing
Multiculturalism
• Encourages respect and appreciation for cultural differences
• Seeks to reverse centuries of cultural intolerance and oppression of minority groups
• Brought changes to American education and society
• Global languages• Different ethnic literature
and perspectives
Popular Culture• Tastes and items that appeal to the
masses
• Consists of products and items designed for
• Leisure• Entertainment• Mass consumption• Fashion
• Fads- short-lived, widespread items/ideas
• Ex. Baseball cards, Santa Claus, *NSYNC
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