warm-up: hunter - gatherers · domesticated animals. shelter-permanent villages....

WARM-UP:HUNTER-

GATHERERS

• What is a hunter-gatherer?

• Who hunts? Whogathers?• What is hunted? What is

gathered?

• How will you get these things?

PALEOLITHIC & NEOLITHIC

REVOLUTION

Societies Begin

HOM OSAPIE NSEMERGE D IN EASTAFR ICA BETWEEN

100,0 00 AND 400,0 00 YEARS AGO

Early Humans were Hunters and Gatherers

-whose survivaldepended on the

availability of wild plants and animals.

• Paleolithic Age Begins with Early Man

• Paleolithic means Old StoneAge

-from crude stone tools of thetime.

PALEOLITHIC AGEHUNTER-GATHERERS:

1. Nomadic: migrated in search of food, shelter and water

-animal migration & vegetation cycles

2. Invented the first tools, including

simple weapons

Shelter

3. Learned how to make and use fire4. Lived in clans

DURING THE OLD STONE AGE

HUNTER-GATHERERS INPALEOLITHIC AGE

5. Developed oral language-What will a language enable?

6. Created “cave art”- CroMagnon

1. Most famous is locatedin France at the LascauxCaves.

2. Found throughout• Australia, Europe and the Americas.

3. May depict:• Hunting & daily life

• Religious Rituals

• Their surrounding world.

CAVE ART

SETTLED AGRICULTURE OR FARMING

LED TO THE ADVANCEMENT

OFCIVILIZATION.

What major advancement by man led to the advancement of civilization?

Settlement,communities

NEOLITHIC ORAGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

•Neolithic means New Stone Age• Agricultural Revolution is the change from hunter-

gatherer societies to farming cultures• This happened 10,000 years ago or 8,000 BCE

HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?REASONS FOR THE CHANGE

Climate: Warmer Climates led to crop growth. Rising temperatures worldwide provided longer growing season and drier land for cultivating/ growing plants.

– Paleolithic- Average temperature = 51 degrees– Neolithic- Average temperature = 55 degrees

More grain caused a population boom.

More mouths to feed societiesneeded to find lots of food thathunting and gathering did not support.

Need for food= Farming!Farming allowed humans to develop permanent settlements and they no longer had to travel for food(nomadic)

.

EARLY METHOD OF FARMING… Slash and Burn

• #1 Trees and or grasses are cut down and then burnt.

• #2 Ashes fertilize the soil.

• #3 Farmers plant for one or two years, then move to a new space.

DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS…(AND PLANTS)

Domestication = the taming of animals. This was a SLOW process.Some of the first animals to be domesticated included:camels, horses, and pigs

Happening at the same time around theworld.

FARMINGDOMESTICATION OF PLANTS

• During the Neolithic age across theglobe, agriculture

developed with uniquecrops such as: Corn, Wheat, and

Sweet Potatoes

Changes because agriculture started:

People lived in one place and nolonger carried all possessions

Farmers could grow more food than they needed.

Land and water become valuableeconomic resources

Male warriors competed for land, water, and power.

Social Consequences orResults because of Changes:

Develop towns, communities, nolonger nomadic, stockpile goods,culture develops

Develop trading, bartering, specialization, store food, make things/ get jobs, population increase

People owned land and water, created conflict or war/ competition, live near water

Became leaders- rankings, socialclasses, rulers, women’s power and

Social Consequences of Agriculture

• The real change in the Neolithic Revolution was that people could shift from hunting and gathering to planned agriculture.

• Why is this important?– People could begin living in villages – permanent

homes= developedtowns, communities– They were no longer nomadic, could stockpile goods– They did not have to carry possessions.– People could stop spending entire lives following food

SO WHAT?

–Farmers could grow more food than they needed.

–Culture develops–Land and water became a valuableeconomic resource

–Male warriors competed for land, water, and power.

NEOLITHIC AGEHOW IS THIS AGE CHARACTERIZED?

1.Developed agriculture or farming

2.Domesticated Animals

3.Used advanced tools- hand-axesand spears, the WHEEL

4. Made pottery

5. Developed weaving/sewing skills (clothing)

6. More advanced language develops

-STONEHENGE IN EN G LA N D WAS STARTED IN THE NEOLITHICAGE AND FINISHED IN THEBRONZE AGE

-ÇATALHÖYÜK IN ANATOLIA/TURKEY IS AN EXAMPLE OF A NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT CURRENTLY UNDER EXCAVATION-7000 BC to 6300 BC Housed up to 6,000 people in Turkey

-JERICHO IS A PERMANENT SETTLE-MENT BETWEEN 9,500 AND 9000 B .C .-AS THE WORLD WARMED UP, A NEWCULTURE BASED ON AGR ICULTUREAND SEDENTARY DWELLING BEGAN

• Aleppo- in modern day Syria.• Difficult to excavate because modern cities

now sit on top ofthe sites

TECHNOLOGICALADVANCES

1.Plow- domesticated oxen

2.Fertizer- ashes,manure

3.Loom- weaving linen and wool

4.Wheel- transportation5.Baked clay brick-construction

6. Calendars- measure theseasons in order to plant.

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

• Cave Art• www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHn_HhBGMVA

• Neolithic • www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVHD9wGlbho

PALEOLITHIC/NEOLITHICVENN DIAGRAM

• Come up with at least 5 differences and at least 5 similarities between the Paleolithic Age and the NeolithicAge.

Food-hunting /gathering

Shelter- caves/not permanent

Clothing/Climate-Animal Skins & Colder Temperatures

Communication-basic language

Technology/Tools-used fire, first tools (wood/stone)/weapons,sewing skills

Religion & Art- Cave paintings & burial rites for dead

Food-developed agriculture & domesticated animals

Shelter-permanent villages

Clothing/Climate-Weaving skills (clothing, Warmer Temperatures

Communication-Advanced Language

Technology/Tools-wheel, cloth, calendar, advanced stone tools, ax heads, and weaving

Religion & Art- pottery & advanced religion

-Lived in Social Groups

-Stone tools/weapons

-Prehistory

-Sewing & Cooking skills

-Celebrated Art