vocabulary – pages 194-196 endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus vacuole lysosome centriole

Vocabulary – Pages 194-196

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Vacuole

• Lysosome

• Centriole

Prokaryotic Cell

Cellular Structure and Function

Do not contain membrane-bound organelles

Steven P. Lynch

Section 1

With out a nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cells includes all bacteria Prokaryotes contain only the following

structures:

1. Cell wall (peptidoglycan)2. Plasma membrane3. Genetic material as a single circular molecule of

DNA4. Ribosomes5. Cytoplasm6. Plasmid (Small circular piece of DNA that only

some bacteria possess)

Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Cellular Structure and Function

Cell Discovery and Theory

Section 1

Eukaryotic Cell More complex structure than prokaryotes

Cellular Structure and Function

In addition to the prokaryotic structures, eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus

Section 1

Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 1

Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cellular Structure and Function

Cell Discovery and Theory

The

Section 1

Plasma Membrane Thin, flexible boundary between the cell

and its environment

Cellular Structure and Function

Allows nutrients into the cell Allows waste to leave the cell Selective permeability, phospholipid bilayer,

fluid mosaic model

Section 1

Cellular Structure and Function

Plant and Animal Cell Structures

Section 3

Organelles are bodies within the cytoplasm that serve to physically separate the various metabolic reactions that occur within the cells

Organelles are specialized structures that carry out specific cell function

Nucleus MitochondriaRibosomes ChloroplastsEndoplasmic reticulum CytoskeletonGolgi Apparatus Flagella & CiliaLysosomes CentriolesPeroxisomes Vacuoles & Vesicles

Cellular Structure and Function

Structures and Organelles

Section 3

Cellular Structure and Function

Structures and Organelles

Section 3

Cytoplasm

• Semifluid material makes up the inside of a cell

• Environment within the plasma membrane that contains the cells organelles

Cytoskeleton• Framework for the cell within the cytoplasm

• Involved in establishing the shape of the cell and coordinating movements

• Microtubles and microfilaments – supporting network of long protein fibers

• Provides an anchor for the organellesCells

Cytoskeleton

Cells

Nucleus• Control center of the cell, the brain of the cell

• Contains coded directions, DNA, the heredity information of the cell

• Surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope

• Chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus

Cells

Cells

Nucleolus

• Within the nucleus

• Site of ribosome production

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

• Ribosomes are manufactured in the nucleus and consist of ribosomal RNA and protein

• Not bound by a membrane

Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Stacks of flattened sacs of highly folded

membrane

• ER is connected to the nucleus

Cells

Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER Smooth ER

• Contains ribosomes

• Aids in protein synthesis

• No ribosomes

• Synthesis of carbs and lipids

Cells

Cells

Golgi Apparatus• Flattened stack of

tubular membranes

• Modifies proteins and packages them for distribution outside the cellThink of it as Fed Ex –

package and ship

Cells

Vacuoles• Fluid-filled membrane sac

• Used to store food, waste products, enzymes, and other materials

Vacuoles• -Central vacuoles are large

bodies that store water and occupies most of the interior of plant cells

• -If the central vacuole runs low on water, the plant will begin to wilt

• -The central vacuole in plants stores starch, pigments, and toxic substances

Cells

Lysosomes

• Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes– The cell’s stomach

• Breakdown excess or worn-out cellular substances

• Digests waste, food, cellular debris, and foreign invaders such as bacteria

and viruses

Lysosomes

Cells

Centrioles

• Made up of groups of microtubules

• Play a role in cell division, occur in pairs

Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of the cell

• Large surface area: outer and highly folded inner membrane

• Breaks bonds in sugar molecules to provide energy for the cell

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

• Specialized organelles found in plant cells

• Carry out photosynthesis, the process of capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into useable energy

• Thylakoid compartments containing chlorophyll

Chloroplasts

Cells

Cell Wall• Inflexible barrier that provides support and

protection

• Thick, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers

Cell wall

Cilia

• Short, numerous, hair like projections from cell surface

• Aids in locomotion and feeding

• Also used to sweep substances

along surfaces

Cellular Structure and Function

Flagella• Longer and less numerous than cilia

• Create movement with a whiplike motion

• Aids in locomotion and feeding

• Typically on or two present

Section 3

Flagella

Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 3

Table 7.1 Summary of Cell Structure

Table 7.2 Summary of Cell Structure

Table 7.3 Summary of Cell Structure

Cellular Structure and Function

Plant and Animal Cell Structures

Structures and Organelles

Section 3

Structures only found in Plant Cells

cells: Cell Wall

Chloroplasts

Central Vacuole