virtualization and san basics for dbas

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VMs, SAN, SQL:The Big Threes

Brent OzarQuest Software

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I’m Your Host: Brent Ozar• Microsoft Certified

Master• SQL Server MVP• Quest Software• Past Lives: DBA, SAN,

VMware admin• www.BrentOzar.com• Twitter: @BrentO

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Today’s Big Threes• 3 “Nevers” for VMs• 3 “Always” for SAN• 3 Metrics for Both

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Some Definitions

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Our Host• 2 Sockets

4 Cores Each• 64GB RAM• 1 Terabyte SAN

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The Brochure Says…

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CPU Scheduling

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CPU Scheduling

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CPU Scheduling

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Not So Fast!

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Never Overallocate vCPUs• Less is More• Every Tick Matters• Minimize CPU Work• Don’t Be Strict

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So What About Memory?• Host: 64GB• Guest: 16GB• Other Guests: 32GB

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So What About Memory?• Host: 64GB• Guest: 16GB• Other Guests: 80GB

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How Hypervisors Cope• Host page file• Dedupe memory

(page sharing)• Keep guest OS

memory freed up• Learn more in

my bookmarks:http://delicious.com/brento/balloon

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Never Use Automatics• Set SQL Server’s

min/max memory• Set VMware’s

reservation size• Use locked pages

carefully

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Physical Storage Setup

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In Virtualization…

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Behind the Curtain

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Behind the Curtain

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Think You’re Alone?

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Never Assume VMs are Alone • Guests move• Guests get created• Competition:

virus scans, scheduled tasks, backups

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Always Know Your Neighbors• Same disks• Same cache• Same controller• Same SAN• Ask:

– Usage pattern?– Scheduled jobs?– Antivirus?

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Design Storage as a Whole• Backup schedules• Backup methods• Backup targets• Use differentials• Stagger job times• Reconfigure antivirus

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Typical SAN Components• Drive enclosures• Controllers (& Cache)• Switch networks• Host Bus Adapters• HBA Drivers• Servers

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Lots of Paths for Data

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What Does Active/Active Mean?• One path per LUN• Sending vs receiving• Network design• Post-failover stickiness

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Got High Speed?

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So You Tested This Too, Right?

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Always Test First with SQLIO• Doesn’t use SQL Server• Doesn’t mimic SQL Server• Doesn’t return SQL metrics• Therefore: SAN guys love it!

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The Easy Way

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SQLIO ResultsE:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat sqlio v1.5.SGusing system counter for latency timings, -1361967296 counts per second2 threads writing for 120 secs to file M:Testfile.dat

using 64KB random IOsenabling multiple I/Os per thread with 1 outstandingbuffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache)

using current size: 24576 MB for file: M:Testfile.datinitialization doneCUMULATIVE DATA:throughput metrics:IOs/sec: 1539.50MBs/sec: 96.21latency metrics:Min_Latency(ms): 0Avg_Latency(ms): 0Max_Latency(ms): 572histogram:ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+%: 66 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Good Numbers, Bad News• iSCSI

– 1GB = 125 MB/sec– 10GB = 1250 MB/sec

• Fibre Channel:– 2GB = 250 MB/sec– 4GB = 500 MB/sec

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Which Causes An Outage?• New neighbors• RAID restripe• Drive failure• Cable change• Firmware change• Switch upgrade• Controller reboot

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Where Will You See Changes?• Windows event log• SQL Server logs• Profiler traces• Net Send popups• Your dreams at night

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Always Be Checking

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My 3 Favorite Metrics• Physical Disk:

Avg Sec/Read and Write• System:

Processor Queue Length• SQL Server Memory:

Page Life Expectancy

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It’s Not All Bad News!• Easier scaling• Less firmware outages• No leased hardware cycles• Easier disaster recovery• Easier dinosaur handling

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Wrapping It Up• Virtualization Nevers:

– Overallocate vCPUs– Use automatics– Assume your VM is alone

• SAN Always’s:– Know your neighbors– Test first with SQLIO– Be checking

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http://www.BrentOzar.com/go/virtual

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Our Book• Internals:

– Memory– Locking– Storage

• Troubleshooting:– Perfmon/Profiler– RML Utilities– SQLNexus

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Our Authors• Christian Bolton

MVP, MCM, MCAFormer Microsoft PFE

• Justin LangfordFormer MS PFE

• Brent OzarMCM, MVP

• James Rowland-JonesMVP, EMC Consulting

• Steven WortMicrosoft Developer

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Paperbacks & PDF Versions:SQLServerTroubleshooting.com