violence :

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Violence :

Nanthaphan Chinlumprasert, Ph D.,R.N.

A Nursing Perspective

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

VIOLENCE

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Nurses, Always there For You: United Againat Violence (ICN, 2001)

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

What is violence?

The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. (WHO, 2000)

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Typology of violence

1) Self- directed Suicidal behavior

Self-abuse

2) InterpersonalFamily/partner Violence

Community Violence

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3) CollectiveSocial Violence

Political Violence

Economic Violence

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Classification of Violence

Youth Violence Child MaltreatmentViolence Against Women by Intimate PartnersElder Abuse

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Sexual Violence

Self-directed Violence

Collective Violence

Organized Violence The inter-human infliction of significant, avoidable pain and suffering by an Organized group according to a declared or implied strategy and/or system of

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ideas and attitudes, ……. . Organized violence includes ‘torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ ……. . Imprisonment without trial, mock executions, hostage-taking or any other form of violent deprivation of liberty. (WHO, 1980, Geuns, 1987)

The definition includes government repression and also terrorist group violence.

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

How big is the problem of Violence?

1998

Estimates of Mortality

= 2.3 million people died from Violence

42% (Self-directed)

32% (Homicides-Interpersonal)

26% (War-related)

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Tip of the iceberg From National Surveys

Physical assaults by intimate partners (lifetime estimates)

5.1 in Philippines

9.5 in Paraguay

22.1 in USA.29.0 in Canada

34.4 in Egypt

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Tip of the icebergLifetime estimates of sexual assault among

women living in cities or provinces around the world:

15.3 in Toronto

21.7 in Leon, Nicaragua

23.0 in North London

25.0 in One province in Zimbabwe

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Tip of the icebergRates of physical fighting in the past year

among adolescent males rang from:

22% among boys (grade 7) in Sweden

44% of boys (grades 9-12) in USA.

76% among boys (grades 8-10) in Jerusalem

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Injury Surveillance Report on Assaults in Thailand, 1991 (กองระบาด 2543, )

Physical Assault Injury = 11, 367 cases (Death = 334 cases)

(Data gathered from 10 hospitals)

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Victim of Violence Who? Who? Who?

Forced prostitution

Homicide

Exploitation

Trafficking

Sexual harassment

Rape/Sexual assault

Domestic

Violence

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Violence against women

The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. “Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical,

sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty; whether occurring in public or in private life.”

(UN General Assembly 1993)

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4 million/year of women in USA were abused/battered

8 million in 15-60+ age group

44% of women (5.4 million) age 15-44 in Thailand

(Archavanitkul et al., 2001)

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Violence against women is gender-based violence

ScopeDomestic Violence:

Dowry - related, female genital mutilation, Marital rape, battering, homicide.

Violence in Public: Sexual assault, harrassment, trafficking, forced prostitution, exploitation, Pornography.

Organized Violence: Unfair social treatment , sex discrimination/ gender bias, ignore to women’s right violence pupetrated or condoned by the state.

Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

Root of violence against women

- Power inequalities b/w women and men

- Patriarchal society

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Gender role Soci

alizationMyth

sRape

Women sexuality Men sexu

ality

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What will victim / survivor of violence face?Blame

Guilt

Physical / Psychological Health Problems

Social condemn / stigma

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Consequence of violence- Physical injures / problems

- Psychological problems : Post traumaticn

syndrome, Suicide

- Psychosomatic disorder

- Social stigma

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What should nurses have in dealing with violence survivals?

- Knowledge

- Positive attitude

- No blame, understanding

- Empathy

- Respect

- Strict confidentiality

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Nurses’ roles- Build trust

- Screening

- Private interview

- Holistic approach in caring / nursing

- Advocate

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- nurse’s role in development of health services for Violence survivals- nurse’s role in development of body of knowledge

on violence against women.

- Nurse and self development for providing effective

care for any form of violence survival.

Vision of nurse on violence issues.

- Nurse and violence prevention in Thai society.

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Thank you