usaid-cifor-icraf project assessing the implications of climate change for usaid forestry programs...
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USAID-CIFOR-ICRAF ProjectAssessing the Implications of Climate Change for USAID Forestry Programs (2009)1
Carbon accounting: Field measurements
Topic 4, Section C
In this presentation you will
learn some step-by-step
methods for measuring and
monitoring forest carbon pools
in the field.
Topic 4, Section C, slide 2 of 20
Learning outcomes
Outline
1. Indirect methods for aboveground tree biomass (tree measurement allometric equations, expansion factors, carbon ratio)
2. Direct methods for aboveground tree biomass
3. Destructive sampling
4. Establishing allometric equations
5. Methods for other components (litter, soil, non-woody biomass)
Topic 4, Section C, slide 3 of 20
Five carbon pools (IPCC Good Practice Guidance)
Topic 4, Section C, slide 4 of 20
Guidebooks and manuals
Pearson, Walker and Brown (2005): Sourcebook for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Projects
IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (2003)
Segura & Kanninen (2001): Inventario para estimar carbono en ecosistemas forestales tropicales [In Spanish]
MacDicken (1997): A Guide to Monitoring Carbon Storage in Forestry and Agroforestry Projects
Topic 4, Section C, slide 5 of 20
12-step field measurement guide
Forest area stratification
Inventory/field plots
Age class distribution
SampleDestructive
measurementsVolume and
biomass(branches, leaves etc.)
Wood dry density
Carbon fraction
Volumeequations
BEFBiomassmodels
Carbon model
Calculation of the forest carbon pool
Source: Segura & Kanninen 2001
Topic 4, Section C, slide 6 of 20
Stratification
Allows to obtain a certain precision of estimations at a lower cost than without stratification
Steps:• Divide heterogeneous
population into homogenous groups
• Apply monitoring (sampling and calculations) to each strata and compile results at the end
Topic 4, Section C, slide 7 of 20
Sample size Calculate the sample size (number
of plots) based on pre-sampling
Where• n = number of plots to be measured
• Syx
= estimation error
• t = Studet t value• S = variance• X = mean value
Topic 4, Section C, slide 8 of 20
Field plots
Establish permanent plots if you can (monitoring)
Plot of varying sizes and shapes can be used
Topic 4, Section C, slide 9 of 20
Estimating tree biomass
Direct methods
• Destructive sampling• Allometric equations
Indirect methods
• Volume equations• Allometric equations• Biomass expansion factors
Topic 4, Section C, slide 10 of 20
Destructive sampling
Destructive sampling is needed to generate equations (allometric models) for biomass components that can be used later for indirect estimations
Based on distribution of the population (age classes, diameter class) a sub-sample for trees to be felled for destructive sampling is selected
11Topic 4, Section C, slide 11 of 20
Volume and biomass equations
Based on destructive
sampling, volume equations
for stems and allometric
equations are constructed
between easily measurable
variables such as tree
diameter and biomass
components such as branch
biomass
Source: Brown 1997
Topic 4, Section C, slide 12 of 20
Biomass expansion factor (BEF)
BEF is the relation between the total tree biomass (Btot) and the stem biomass (Bstem)
It is used to estimate indirectly the total tree biomass using stem biomass (easy to measure)
Btot = Bstem * BEF
Source: Segura & Kanninen 2005
Topic 4, Section C, slide 13 of 20
Allometric equations: example
Source: Penman et al. 2003
Topic 4, Section C, slide 14 of 20
Topic 4, Section C, slide 15 of 20
Source Penman et al. 2003
Below ground biomass Direct methods
• Destructive sampling
• Allometric equations
Indirect methods• Equations
Topic 4, Section C, slide 16 of 20
Dead organic matter
Litter• Sampling
Dead wood• sampling
17Topic 4, Section C, slide 17 of 20
Soil organic carbon
Topic 4, Section C, slide 18 of 20
References Brown, S. 1997 Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests – A primer. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 134.
Hoover, Coeli M (Ed.) 2008 Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring: A Landscape-Scale Approach. 242 p. Available at: http://www.springer.com/life+sci/ecology/book/978-1-4020-8505-5
MacDicken, K. G. 1997 A Guide to Monitoring Carbon Storage in Forestry and Agroforestry Projects. Winrock International.
Pearson, T., Walker, S. and Brown, S. 2005 Sourcebook for land use, land-use change and forestry projects. Winrock International and the BioCarbon Fund of the World Bank. 57 p.
Penman. J. et al. 2003 Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Program and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan. Available at: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.htm.
Segura, M. and Kanninen, M. 2001 Inventario para estimar carbono en ecosistemas forestales tropicales. In: L. Orozco & C. Brumér (eds.), Inventarios forestales para bosques latifoliados en America Central, Capítulo 8. CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza. Pp. 202-216. [In Spanish]
Segura, M. and Kanninen, M. 2005 Allometric models for estimating volume and total aboveground biomass of seven dominant tree species in a tropical humid forest in Costa Rica. Biotropica 37(1):2-8.
Topic 4, Section C, slide 19 of 20
Thank you for your attention
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