u.s. federal regulations and avian welfare

Jeleen Briscoe, VMD, DABVP (Avian)USDA APHIS Animal Care Program

Johanna.Briscoe@aphis.usda.gov @JeleenVMDPhoenix Landing November 2012

Federal Regulations and Avian Welfare

United States Department of Agriculture

Secretary of Agriculture

Marketing and Regulatory Programs

Agricultural Marketing Service Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration

Biotechnology Regulatory Services International Services

Plant Protection and Quarantine Veterinary Services

Wildlife Services Animal Care

What Animal Care is NOT

What Animal Care is NOT

What Animal Care is NOT

What Animal Care is NOT

What Animal Care is NOT

Animal Care Mission

Horse Protection Act

Emergency Response for Pets

Animal Welfare ActFederal law

Minimum standardsCare and treatment

Animal Welfare ActBred for Commercial Sale

Animal Welfare ActUsed in Research

Animal Welfare ActTransported Commercially

Animal Welfare ActExhibited to the Public

Not covered

Not covered

Not covered

Birds, rats, mice , bred for use in research

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

housing ventilation

lighting interior surfaces

primary enclosures sanitation

pest control feeding and watering

outdoor shelter compatibility

record-keeping handling

transport (contingency plans)

APHIS Animal Care Inspections

AWA Enforcement Actions

Photos courtesy of Dr. Laurie Gage

Photos courtesy of Dr. Laurie Gage

T=39 days

How Did We Get Here?!

Definition of AnimalPre Farm Bill 2002

Live or dead dog, cat, monkey, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal...but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research...

90-95% of animals used in research are rats, mice, or birds

Slice of History

1989: Remove the exclusion Petition (ALDF & HSUS)

1999: Remove the exclusion LAWsuit (ARDF, IVI)

2000: USDA settled Suit

2000-2002: lobbying against exception (NABR)

2000: Farm Bill amendment (“Helms Amendment”)

“Approval of this amendment will make sure that none of the important work taking place in the medical research community will be delayed, made more expensive, or be otherwise compromised by regulatory shenanigans on the part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.”

The Farm Bill 2002 THE COMMAS

BEFORE: excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research

AFTER: excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research...

Why federal regulations?

Fringe

Scientists Academia

Interest Groups

Media

Public

Politicians

Emergence Trigger Event

Crisis/Public Positioning

Resolution

Publicity Exposure and

who is involved

Phase

Anticipatory Crisis

Best opportunity to Save Resources

The General Life Cycle of an Issue

Time

Source: Corporate Environmental Strategy, Autumn, 1997

Deborah Anderson, Procter & GambleCourtesy of Don Butler

Fringe

Scientists Academia

Interest Groups

Media

Public

Politicians

Emergence Trigger Event

Crisis/Public Positioning

Resolution

Publicity Exposure and

who is involved

Phase

Anticipatory Crisis

Best opportunity to Save Resources

The General Life Cycle of an Issue

Time

Source: Corporate Environmental Strategy, Autumn, 1997

Deborah Anderson, Procter & GambleCourtesy of Don Butler

How does our “System” respond?

“The dog was taken away from this little boy, and to watch his face was a singularly revealing and tragic experience. This legislation was born at that moment.”

-- Rep Tom Lantos (D-CA)

Hurricane KatrinaThe PETS Act

Animal Welfare ActHistory

Animal Welfare Act

Animal: “...birds, rats of the genus Rattus, mice of the genus Mus, not bred

for use in research”

2004notice of proposed rulemaking

BirDs, Rats, Mice

Number and size of entities? Types of species?Facilities and operations?ID, diet, sanitation, housing?Transportation?Biosafety?Exemptions?

What next?

RegulationProposed ruleComment periodFinal rule

ImplementationTrainingInspection GuidesPolicy GuidesEnforcement Program

Regulation

Subpart B §3.29 Feeding Guinea Pigs and Hamsters

(a) ...The food shall be free from contamination, wholesome, palatable, and of sufficient quantity and nutritive value to meet the normal daily requirements for the condition and size of the guinea pig or hamster.

Feeding and Watering

§3.6 Primary enclosuresDogs and Cats

(a)(2)(xi) Provide sufficient space to allow each dog and cat to turn around freely, to stand, sit, and lie in a comfortable, normal position, and to walk in a normal manner

Engineering- vs. performance- based

§2.131 Handling of animals

(c)(1) During public exhibition, any animal must be handled so there is minimal risk of harm to the animal and to the public, with sufficient distance and/or barriers between the animal and the general viewing public so as to assure the safety of animals and the public.

Subpart D Nonhuman Primates §3.81 Environmental enhancement to promote psychological well-being

(b) Environmental enrichment. The physical environment in the primary enclosures must be enriched by providing means of expressing noninjurious species-typical activities. Species differences should be considered when determining the type or methods of enrichment.

(a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section.(1) Formal arrangement (2) Ensure veterinarian has appropriate authority

(b) Veterinary program should include:(1) Appropriate facilities and personnel(2) Appropriate methods(3) Daily observation(4) Adequate guidance to personnel(5) Adequate pre- and post-procedural care

Subpart D Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care

Implementation

How many facilities?Research Facilities

Distributors

Breeders

Exhibitors

Carriers/Transporters

Exempt Activities

Breeders that earn less than $500 gross income annually from wholesale of regulated animals

The Bird Challenge:

VarietyOver 9000 species from 30 taxonomical orders

American FlamingosNational Zoo

Chilean FlamingosLincoln Park Zoo

Small Parrot Breeder“Hobby Breeder”

Large Commercial Parrot Breeding Facility

The Bird Challenge:

Range

Sylvan Heights Waterfowl

Alex PepperbergGrey Parrot

The Bird Challenge:

number

The Bird Challenge:

expertise

Aviculturists

Researchers

Exhibitors

Veterinarians

Feeding

Basic Care

Signs of Illness

Health Examination

Chlamydiosis

When Should I Take My Bird to a Vet?Feather Loss

Injury Prevention & Emergency Care

Behavior

Health Examination

Animal Rights Organizations

Who influences the development

of federal regulations?

Minimum RequirementsScientific?Effective?Enough?

Why should you care?

'I take bad birds ... and I give them a life' By ANGEL McCURDY / Daily NewsPublished: Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at 14:13 PM.

Jeleen BriscoeJohanna.Briscoe@aphis.usda.gov

JeleenVMD@gmail.com@JeleenVMD

301-275-8164