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Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
UNSEEN HURTS:
Participant Guide
PROMOTING POSITIVE
MENTAL HEALTH IN
SCHOOLS
:
This introductory workshop is based on current ideas in the realm of creative teaching and
learning, but does not provide a comprehensive background. It is designed to be a stimulus for
further exploration of the topic and suggests strategies to enhance a creative teaching and
learning environment. We recommend that teachers participate in extended professional learning
opportunities, particularly those that include collaborative efforts to infuse elements of creativity
into the classroom and school.
Alberta Teachers’ Association, 11010 142 Street NW, Edmonton AB T5N 2R1.
© 2014 by the Alberta Teachers’ Association. All rights reserved.
Published 2014. Printed in Canada.
Any reproduction, in whole or in part, without prior written consent of the
Alberta Teachers’ Association is prohibited.
Special thanks to:
Mary Frances Fitzgerald, Caroline Guilbault,
Geoff MacDonald, and Chantel Walker
for their
invaluable contributions to the development of this workshop
Online Participant Survey
Please complete the online survey using the link provided.
www.surveymonkey.com/r/AIWorkshopEval
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 1
Goals
Understand a vision of positive Mental Health
Raise awareness and decrease stigmatization of mental health issues
Understand the signs of specific mental health issues
Explore response and intervention methods
Learn how to protect your own mental health
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 2
What’s your current state of mind?
Option 1: Because I’m happy! (Pharrell)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Option 2: Best Day of my Life! (American Authors)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Option 3: Welcome to my Life! (Simple Plan)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Option 4: Sad! (Maroon 5)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Option 5: We’re not gonna take it! (Twisted Sister) __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Option 6: Peaceful Easy Feeling (Eagles)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Circle the song that best represents your state of mind at this very moment. If you
can identify one contributing factor to your current state of mind, write it on the
line below the song title.
Point to ponder:
How can music be used as a strategy in class to engage, calm or inspire different
moods?
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 3
Who’s in the Zoo?
Choose an animal figure which “represents” how you are feeling in some way.
Which characteristics of the animal reflect how you are feeling right now?
How could using this activity with your students promote positive mental health
in the classroom?
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 4
My Terrible, Horrible, No-good, Very Bad Day
• What does a bad day look like for you?
• A bad month?
• A bad year?
At what point does a bad day become a mental health problem?
• Mental illness refers to conditions that can be diagnosed, such as schizophrenia,
depression, bipolar condition, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders.
These are examples of conditions that usually require medical treatment.
• Mental health problems describes the more common struggles and difficulties that people
experience. When people are stressed, confused or upset, they often feel overwhelmed and
incapable of coping. People with mental health problems could benefit from help, support
and understanding even in the short term. If mental health problems are not addressed, they
can lead to a mental illness.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 5
What are the foundations for positive mental
health?
'
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 6
Why teach positive mental health at school?
• Increases understanding and decreases stigmatization
• Promotes self-autonomy in children
• Increases pro-social behaviours
• Increases involvement in physical activities
• Reduces high-risk behaviours
• Enhances academic achievement and school attendance
• Decreases oppositional behaviour
• Increases academic confidence and engagement
Other benefits to teach positive mental health at school:
_________________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 7
Startling Statistics
• 10–20% of Canadian youth are affected by a mental illness—the single most disabling group
of disorders worldwide.
• 70% of mental illnesses have their onset during childhood or adolescence (Government of
Canada 2006, the Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada).
• Mental illness is the 2nd leading cause of disability and premature death in Canada (Waddell
et all, 2005, a Public Health Strategy to Improve the Mental Health of Canadian Children).
• Nearly 4,000 Canadians die by suicide each year—an average of 11 per day.
• Suicide accounts for 23% of deaths in 15–19 year old Canadians, second only to accidents.
• Each year, over 500,000 Albertans (approximately 16 per cent of the population) receive at
least one mental health service from a physician.
VIP (VERY IMPORTANT POINT!)
As we are discussing specific mental health issues, write down at least three Very Important
Points that resonate within your particular context.
1.
2.
3.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 8
Mental Illness Descriptors
DEPRESSION
• Unusually sad mood most of the day and nearly every day
• Loss of interest in activities that used to be enjoyable
• Weight gain/loss
• Sleeping too much/too little
• Lack of energy
• Moving slowly or unable to settle
• Difficulty concentrating, making decisions
• Recurring thoughts of death
BIPOLAR/MANIC DEPRESSION
• Feelings of euphoria, extreme optimism, exaggerated self esteem
• Rapid speech, racing thoughts
• Decreased need for sleep
• Extreme irritability
• Impulsive behaviour
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Physical—fast heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, chest pain
• Psychological—irrational fear/worry, feeling unreal, fear of losing control or dying, reliving
images of traumatic event
• Behavioral—obsessive compulsive behaviour, avoiding situations, distress in social
situations, phobic behaviour, increase use of alcohol or drugs
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 9
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
• A person with a phobia avoids or restricts activities, places or situations because of the
excessive or irrational fear of an object or situation.
• Social anxiety disorder—fear of being judged or criticized by others
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): characterized by persistent unwanted thoughts
(obsessions) and/ or rituals (compulsions) which the person feels impossible to control.
• Acute Stress and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)—occurs after experiencing a
distressing or catastrophic event
CAN YOU GUESS THE PHOBIA?
Match the phobia name to the fear
Phobia name Fear
Acrophobia Fear of germs
Androphobia Fear of heights
Bibliophobia Fear of speaking in public or trying to speak
Claustrophobia Fear of vegetables
Coulrophobia Fear of women
Ephebiphobia Fear of confined spaces
Glossophobia Fear of computers
Gynophobia Fear of clowns
Lachanophobia Fear of teenagers
Logizomechanophobia Fear of books
Neophobia Fear of drugs
Pentheraphobia Fear of anything new
Pharmacophobia Fear of mother-in-law
Pupaphobia Fear of long words
Rhytiphobia Fear of sleep
Sesquipedalophobia Fear of puppets
Somniphobia Fear of getting wrinkles
Verminophobia Fear of witches and witchcraft
Wiccaphobia Fear of men
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 10
Eating Disorders
ANOREXIA
• Extreme weight loss
• Insomnia (sleep problems)
• Skin rash or dry skin (due to dehydration)
• Loss of hair (protein deficiencies)
• Menstrual cycle may stop
• Won’t eat regular meals (less than 1,000 calories a day)
• Over exercising/fainting
BULIMIA
• Recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging
• Eating large amounts of food during binges over a short period of time (5,000 calories/binge)
• Binges carried out secretly
• Self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and/or excessive exercise
• May fall within the normal range for age and weight
COMPULSIVE OVER EATING
• Chronic dieting
• Isolated or secretive eating habits
• Self-defeating statements related to food
• Weight gain and associated issues
• Depression
• Insomnia
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 11
Deliberate Self Injury
Highly lethal—hanging, shooting, jumping from high places, poisoning, drowning, stabbing
Less lethal—overdose, cutting, burning
Most visible: cutting, burning, self biting, scratching, gouging, carving, embedding sharp
instruments into skin, interfering with wound healing
Less visible: self hitting, head banging, pinching, pulling hair, exercising to hurt self
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 12
Can We talk?
Who are all of the different people in a child’s life that she/he may turn to for support?
Imagine you are a student, what qualities in a teacher would make you feel safe to talk to
him/her?
Why would a teacher seem like a safe person for a child to confide in?
Teachers play many roles and wear many hats, do you foresee any challenges to playing the role
of counselor in these types of scenarios?
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 13
Symptoms of Stress – Self Assessment
Check any of the following symptoms of stress that you have experienced in the last week.
Physical Symptoms
Headaches Sleep difficulties Racing Heart
Indigestion Dizziness Restlessness
Stomach aches Back Pain Tiredness
Sweaty Palms Tight neck, shoulders Ringing in ears
Behavioural Symptoms
Excess smoking Grinding teeth at night
Bossiness Overuse of alcohol
Compulsive gum chewing Compulsive eating
Critical attitude Inability to get things done
Emotional Symptoms
Crying Overwhelming feeling of pressure
Nervousness, anxiety Anger
Boredom, no meaning to things Loneliness
Edginess – ready to explode Unhappiness for no reason
Feeling powerless to change things Easily upset
Cognitive Symptoms
Trouble thinking clearly Indecisiveness
Forgetfulness Thoughts of running away
Lack of creativity Constant worry
Memory loss Loss of sense of humour
Spiritual Symptoms
Emptiness Martyrdom Cynicism
Loss of meaning Looking for magic Apathy
Doubt Loss of direction Need to “prove” self
Unforgiving
Relational Symptoms
Isolation Hiding Lack of intimacy
Intolerance Clamming up Using people
Resentment Lowered sex drive Fewer contacts with
Loneliness Nagging friends
Lashing out Distrust
A high number of stress symptoms can be an indication that you are experiencing chronic activation of
the stress response, which can be damaging and maladaptive until you learn how to respond to the stresses
of life in a healthy way.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 14
You are listening to me when…
You are not listening to me when…
You do not care about me, and you cannot care about me until you know something about me
to care about
You say you understand before you know me well enough
You have an answer for my problem before I have finished telling you what my problem is
You cut me off before I have finished speaking
You feel critical of my grammar, accent, culture, or way of doing and saying things
You are communicating to someone else in the room
You are dying to tell me something or want to correct me
You are trying to sort out the details and are not aware of the feelings behind the words
You sense my problem is embarrassing and you are avoiding it
You get excited and stimulated by what I am saying and want to jump right in before I invite
your response
You need to feel successful
You tell me about your experience which makes mine seem unimportant
You refuse my thanks by saying you haven’t done anything
You are listening to me when…
You come quietly into my private world and let me be
You really try to understand me when I do not make sense
You grasp my point of view when it goes against your sincere conviction
You realize the hour I took from you has left you feeling a bit tired and drained
You didn’t tell me the funny story you were just bursting to tell me
You allowed me the dignity of making my own decisions even though you felt I was wrong
You didn’t take my problem from me, but trusted me to deal with it in my own way
You gave me enough room to discover for myself why I felt upset and enough time to think
for myself what was best
You held back the desire to give me good advice
You accepted my gift of gratitude by telling me it was good to know I had been helped
Anonymous
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 15
Top 10 Free Mental Health Apps By SANDRA KIUME
If you’re looking for good mental health apps, those selected here are all solid. But the really
great thing about the apps on this list? Not only are they useful for your personal mental health
mobile toolkit, and for referring to clients, they’re all free.
Keep up with the latest mental health information with thePsychCentral app. It’s free too!
1. MindShift A great tool for anxiety available on iPhone and Android, developed by Anxiety BC. It teaches
relaxation skills, develops new thinking, and suggests healthy activities. Designed for youth, but
useful to anyone.
2. PTSD Coach Helpful for symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress, this trusted military app has been
downloaded over 100,000 times for iPhone and Android. Featuring versions in French/Canadian
and more.
3. BellyBio Interactive Breathing Wonderful biofeedback device that monitors your breathing and plays sounds reminiscent of
ocean waves when you relax. Great for anxiety and stress. iPhone only.
4. Positive Activity Jackpot A unique augmented reality tool that uses the functionality of a smartphone in an innovative
way. Combines a professional behavioural health therapy for depression called pleasant event
scheduling (PES) with activities available in the user’s location, mapped with GPS.
For Android only.
5. Take a Break! Guided Meditations for Stress Relief From the excellent developers of relaxation apps at Meditation Oasis comes this free app to
quickly recharge. Listen to a seven-minute Work Break or 13-minute Stress Relief recording
with or without music or nature sounds. iPhone or Android.
6. Previdence An assessment tool that allows users to check for symptoms of depression, anxiety, relationship
issues, drug and alcohol issues, and other problems and makes recommendations for
action. iPhone only.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 16
7. Operation Reach Out This lifesaving app for iPhone and Android was developed by the military to prevent suicide.
Recorded videos and menu options help users assess their thinking and reach out for help in
crisis.
8. Relax with Andrew Johnson Lite Great guided meditation session for relaxation, helpful with anxiety and stress as well as
a sleep aid. Available in Android and iPhone versions.
9. T2 Mood Tracker Tracks symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, traumatic brain injury, stress and general well-
being. Useful to share with clinicians and chart recovery. Another excellent app developed by the
Department of Defense National Center for Telehealth and Technology (see their complete list),
for Android and iPhone.
10. Relax and Sleep Well with Glenn Harold Twenty-minute guided meditation with music to help you fall asleep. Relaxing and gentle.
For iPhone and Android.
Some More Good Ones: —Depression Monitor
—Bipolar disorder connect
—The panic Attack Eliminator
—Stress Tips
—Mood and Anxiety Diary
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 17
Child & Youth Mental Health Toolkits
http://www.shared-care.ca/toolkits
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 18
Three Good Things
• Write down three good things that happened each day for a week.
1.
2.
3.
• To each positive event listed, reflect on one of the following:
1. What does this mean to you?
2. Why did this good thing happen?
3. How can you increase the chances of having more of this good thing in the future?
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 19
Positive Self Talk
“A man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes” Mahatma Gandhi
YOU have the power to talk back to your inner voice. Let’s practice reframing what we say to
ourselves.
Write down a negative thought you had today or one that comes up often.
Rewrite that so that it is positive and affirms only positive experiences.
Example:
“What a horrible day. I am a terrible person for letting ____________ happen (or not happen).”
“Today I experienced all that I was meant to. I did the best I could with what I had and so did
everyone else.”
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 20
Family Tree of Strengths
Think of an areas that is NOT among your Top 5 strengths: ______________________________
Who could you look to for support in developing this area? ______________________________
My siblings’Strengths
My grandparents’Strengths My Strengths
My pets’Strengths
Other family members’Strengths My parents’Strengths
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 21
Hope Bag
There is archaeological evidence that shows medicine bags were used by indigenous people
thousands of years ago. Medicine bags held medicinal plants and ritual objects. In some First
Nations cultures, only the healer carried a medicine bag and in doing so held great responsibility
for maintaining its spiritual properties. In some first Nations cultures, ordinary people carried
medicine bags and they used these to collect objects and substances that held meaning for them
or had practical uses. Because medicine bags usually hold items of spiritual importance they
need to be treated with respect and according to local protocols. Use your personalized Hope Bag
to collect relevant items that will remind you of important ideas and learnings in this workshop.
While this practice parallels a Medicine Bag, it is not a Medicine Bag.
The gesture of giving a Hope Bag symbolizes several important ideas. It:
1. Models the spirit of generosity
2. Provides a place to keep important objects, scripts and scrolls
3. Demonstrates a strategy that can be duplicated with students (so that they can collect
important artifacts related to their understanding and awareness of Aboriginal history, culture
and teachings.)
This activity has been adapted with permission from the Hope Foundation.
Tip: One way to connect with First Nations, Métis and Inuit students is to use strategies and
practices that originate in their culture. Mention this fact to all students when you use a strategy
or practice that has Aboriginal origins.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 22
Design and Use a Hope Bag with Your Students
Hope Bags can be used to help students collect important artifacts of learning and show creative
ability, while modeling an Aboriginal practice. It is important that Hope Bags not be confused
with sacred Medicine Bags.
Remind students that this bag is not a Medicine Bag. However, it can contain important items
that…
Making a Hope Bag
Part of the fun of having a Hope Bag is to design and make it your own. Students make their own
bags. They can research textiles, design logos or symbols and sew the bags.
Possible items that might be contained in the Hope Bag are:
Sage in a cloth or small can
Sweet grass (matches in a small can)
Hope Mind Maps
Special poems
Pictures (ie, grandchildren, family)
Picture of role models
Mini photo album (pictures of special people you love, special occasions, vacations etc)
Pen (special)
Journal or small diary
Special love letter (ie, dad, mother, girlfriend, boyfriend or relative)
Special award (ie, basketball, medal, etc)
Mini bible for Christians or small cross
Eagle feather (don’t buy, give tobacco to an elder)
Mini fragrant pillows (to keep bags smelling nice)
Landscape picture (to remind you of home)
Herbs (ask elder)
Picture of a beautiful place on earth (from calendar or magazine)
Something you made yourself (ie, drawing, a small craft)
An exam you felt proud of
Something special that someone has given you
Favourite CD
Special rocks or crystals
This idea can be adapted to various ethnic artifacts or literature.
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 24
Hope from Others for You
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 27
Mental Health Resources Walk Through
Take time to browse the resources and make notes on which ones you want to pursue further for
your class.
The Alberta Health Service
1. The Bounce Back Book, Building Resiliency Skills in the Early School Years (age five to
nine)
2. Addiction and Mental Mobile Application Directory 2013
3. Anxiety: it is more common than you think (Booklet)
4. Exam Stress? (Booklet)
5. Depression: it is more common than you think (Booklet)
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 28
6. Stressed?
7. Mental Health Matters Activity: Grade K-12: www.education.alberta.ca/mentalhealthmatters
English and French versions
8. Mental Health Kit: Be Kind to Yourself and Others: an activity kit to help teach students in
Grade 4 to 6 about mental wellness
9. Mental Health kit: Be Kind to Yourself and Others: an activity kit to help teach students in
Grade 7 to 9 about mental wellness
10. Pan Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health: Positive Mental Health Toolkit
(Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health)
The Alberta Teachers’Association
11. Compassionate classrooms: Understanding student mental health
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 29
School Floor Plan
Mapping Positive Mental Health Throughout the School
Second
Languages
Other
Other
Drama Music
Art
Social
Studies Math
Guid
ance
Co
unse
llo
r
Par
ent
Wel
com
e
Ro
om
Lan
gu
age
Art
s
Sci
ence
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 30
Using the rooms in the school floor plan, think of activities or initiatives that could take place in
each area to promote positive mental health
Library:
Drama:
Music:
Second Languages:
Art:
Social Studies:
Math:
Guidance Counsellor:
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 31
Parent Welcome Room:
Principal Office:
Teacher’s Lounge:
Language Arts:
Science:
Teacher’s Lounge & Workroom:
Gym/Auditorium:
Other:
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 32
Positive Mental Health Mind Map
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 33
A Dozen Things I Love To Do
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________
8. __________________________________
9. __________________________________
10. __________________________________
11. __________________________________
12. __________________________________
Unseen Hurts: Promoting Positive Mental Health in Schools
Participant Guide, p 34
The Phobia List
Answer Key
Phobia Name Fear
Acrophobia Fear of heights
Androphobia Fear of men
Bibliophobia Fear of books
Claustrophobia Fear of confined space
Coulrophobia Fear of clowns
Ephebiphobia Fear of teenagers
Glossophobia Fear of speaking in public or trying to speak
Gynophobia Fear of women
Lachanophobia Fear of vegetables
Logizomechanophobia Fear of computers
Neophobia Fear of anything new
Pentheraphobia Fear of mother-in-law
Pharmacophobia Fear of taking medicine
Pupaphobia Fear of long puppets
Rhytiphobia Fear of getting wrinkles
Sesquipedalophobia Fear of long words
Somniphobia Fear of sleep
Verminophobia Fear of germs
Wiccaphobia Fear of witches and witchcraft
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