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UNIVERSITY OF GAZIANTEP

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 499 GRADUATION PROJECT

Submitted to: Bahattin Kanber

Submitted By:Emre Dulkadir

ABSTRACT

MODELLING OF IMPLANTS AND ANALYSIS

EMRE DULKADIR

GRADUATION PROJECT

SUPERVISOR:ASST.PROF.DR.BAHATTIN KANBER

JUNE 2011

In this Project, implants, dental prosthesis are modelled on CATIA V5R19 step by step and

these were brought together with jaw bones and all of collected parts are analysed on ANSYS

Workbench.This project also consist informations how we use these programs and their

properties.

CONTENTS

1. DENTAL IMPLANTS ........................................................................................................... 1

2. DENTAL PROSTHESIS ....................................................................................................... 2

3. MODELLING IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESIS ON CATIA V5R19 ................................ 3

3.1. IMPLANT 1 ..................................................................................................................... 3

3.1.1 Drawing the Sketch of Implant 1 ............................................................................... 3

3.1.2. Shaft Command ......................................................................................................... 4

3.1.3. Multi-Section Solid Command ................................................................................. 5

3.1.4. Helix Command ....................................................................................................... 9

3.1.5. Designing Notch on the Implant ............................................................................ 12

3.1.6. Edge Fillet Command ............................................................................................. 14

3.2. IMPLANT 2 ................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.1 Drawing the Sketch of Implant 2 ............................................................................. 17

3.2.2. Shaft Command ....................................................................................................... 18

3.2.3. Multi-Section Solid Command ............................................................................... 19

3.2.4. Helix Command ..................................................................................................... 22

3.2.5. Designing Notch on the Implant ............................................................................ 25

3.2.6. Edge Fillet Command ............................................................................................. 27

3.3. CREATING DENTAL PROSTHESIS .......................................................................... 29

3.4. ASSEMBLY DESIGN ................................................................................................... 32

4. ANALYSIS PARTS ON ANSYS WORKBENCH ............................................................ 39

4.1. FIRST ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 45

4.2. SECOND ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 54

5. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 62

ME-499 GRADUATION PROJECT

1. DENTAL IMPLANTS

A dental implant is an artificial replacement for the root part of a tooth. An implant takes the

form of a small metal post which is screw or cylinder shaped and is usually made of titanium.

Titanium is the most popular material used as this works well with living bone and tissue with

living bone and tissue, without any risk of rejection or inflammation. Other materials can be

used which include titanium alloy, stainless steel and zirconium.

The implant is inserted into your jawbone and allowed time to fuse with the bone in a process

called ‘osseointegration’. Once this has happened, a replacement tooth called a restoration can

be fitted to it via a small attachment.

Implants can be placed in either your upper or lower jaw and can hold several teeth in place at

An implant is seen as a prosthetic replacement for the problem of missing teeth although it

also falls into the cosmetic dentistry category. There are two types of implant:

Endosteal (‘Root Form’)

Subperiosteal

The subperiosteal implant usually takes the form of a metal framework which is placed onto

the jawbone just underneath the gums. This framework has small metal posts which protrude

through the gums. These enable the attachment of replacement teeth. This type of implant is

less commonly used.

The ‘Root Form’ implant is the most popular type of implant and is inserted into the jawbone.

Figure 1.1

2. DENTAL PROSTHESIS

The term dental prosthesis refers to artificial tooth or teeth replacements. These prostheses

can range from simple caps that help repair a single tooth, to full dental prostheses that are

intended to replace every tooth, commonly known as dentures.

There are various materials which can be used for the prosthesis. Prosthesis for dental

implants are most commonly made from Ceramic materials - Porcelain being the most widely

selected choice. Benefits of Porcelain include its very high strength and natural appearance.

More recently a move towards other ceramics has been seen with prosthodontists opting for

newer materials such as lithium dislocate. These newer ceramics have a higher fracture

resistance compared to other porcelains used for dental restorations.

Figure 2.1

3. MODELLING IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESIS ON CATIA V5R19 :

3.1. IMPLANT 1

3.1.1. Drawing The Sketch of Implant 1 :

I opened new file on CATIA (START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-PART DESIGN)

This is the first step of the Project, I start the Project by sketching the sectional wiev of the

implant, by using the dimensions which we measured the implant carefully by a micrometer.

In this step firstly lines were drawn in manner but this sketch could not be created directly so I

created the implant step by step and part by part. I drew this sectional wiev to help me about

dimensions and locations.

Figure 3.1.1.1

3.1.2. Shaft Command :

The first section of the part was placed and I used shaft command and first solid was created.

By using this shaft command I created the part easily if we want, we can create different

shapes by alternative degree selection, thick profiles etc. on the icon.

Figure 3.1.2.1

Figure 3.1.2.2

3.1.3. Multi-Section Solid Command :

Command or Multi-section Solid Surface is the leading order in Catia, 3D complex shapes are

created from this command.

Then I continued to create the next part. At this section I placed circle on the above shaft and I

chose xy plane and I put the next circle. After the putting these circles I used multi section

command and I created the second solid.(This command belongs to VIEW-TOOLBARS-

SKETCH_BASED FEATURES)

Figure 3.1.3.1

Figure 3.1.3.2

Figure 3.1.3.3

After that I created new plane (REFERENCE ELEMENTS toolbar) to help me to create end

part of the solid. I defined place of plane and it was placed.

Figure 3.1.3.4

After creating new plane I put first circle on the shaft and the other circle on new plane. I used

multi section command again and the last part was created.

Figure 3.1.3.5

Figure 3.1.3.6

After all of these applications I created basic shape of first implant.

Figure 3.1.3.7

3.1.4. Helix Command:

This command is important and useful to create spring, screw...etc. I created the threads with

this command.

First I changed my working type to create helix (START-SHAPE-GENERATIVE SHAPE

DESIGN). Then I put our line that thread follows. This line passes middle of the implant.

Figure 3.1.4.1

Now we create first helix for our upper threads.I used WIREFRAME toolbar.(VIEW-

TOOLBARS-WIREFRAME).Creating a helix depends on our design,for my Upper threads

measurements: pitch: 0,2 mm and height: 2 mm,taper angle:20.

Figure 3.1.4.2

Next step is, putting a small circle on this helix to create threads. Radius of this circle: 0,075

mm. For threads of upper are so small so ı use small radius for this side.

Figure 3.1.4.3

After putting this circle we use slot command and threads are created. Features for slot

command we choose line that middle of the implant for profile, helix for centre curve, pulling

direction for profile control and click merge slot’s end.

Figure 3.1.4.5

Then I create new helix with these measurements: pitch: 1, 2 mm, height: 10 mm, taper

degree: 2 0

for down side of the implant. All of the other steps are applied for down side like

upper side but I put bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads. But I put

bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads.

Figure 3.1.4.6

3.1.5. Designing Notch on the Implant:

Now we use slot command for bottom side to create holes but we create new line and draw

shape of hole. I put a circle bottom of the implant. (D=1 mm)

Figure 3.1.5.1

Now I create a path that this circle follows. I chose plane to create this line.

Figure 3.1.5.2

Now I can use slot command. I use circle for profile, path for centre curve and choose keep angle. The

hole was created.

Figure 3.1.5.3

There were two holes at the bottom of the implant so I use mirror command and copied the second

hole to the opposite side.

Figure 3.1.5.4

3.1.6. Edge Fillet Command:

Edge fillets are smooth transitional surfaces between two adjacent faces. With the use of a

constant radius: the same radius value is applied to the entire edges. Click the Edge Fillet icon

. The Edge Fillet Definition dialog box appears. Select the edges. The edge selected then

appears in the Objects to fillet field. CATIA displays the radius value. Clicking Preview

previews the fillet to be created. Two propagation modes are available: Minimal, Tangency. If

you set the Tangency mode, the option "Trim ribbons" becomes available; you can then trim

the fillets to be created. Use Limiting Elements to limit the fillet. When filleting an edge, the

fillet may sometimes affect other edges of the part, depending on the radius value you

specified. With the Edges to keep option the application detects these edges and stops the

fillet to these edges.

I used this command for implant because the implant was not created like an implant. Corners

are sharp so I filet these places. I choose threads and fillet with 0, 02 mm.

Figure 3.1.6.1

I used this command for down side with 0,2 mm.

Figure 3.1.6.2

I used this command again for bottom of the implant with 1 mm.

Figure 3.1.6.3

After all of these applications I finished to create first implant.

Figure 3.1.6.4

3.2. IMPLANT 2

3.2.1. Drawing The Sketch of Implant 2:

I opened new file on CATIA (START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-PART DESIGN).

This is the second implant drawing commands, I started the Project by sketching the sectional

wiev of the implant, by using the dimensions which we measured the implant carefully by a

micrometer. In this step firstly lines were drawn in manner.

Figure 3.2.1.1

3.2.2. Shaft Command:

The first section of the part was placed and I used shaft command and first solid was created.

By using this shaft command I created the part easily if we want, we can create different

shapes by alternative degree selection, thick profiles etc. on the icon.

Figure 3.2.2.1

3.2.3. Multi-Section Solid Command:

Then I continued to create the next part. At this section I placed circle on the above shaft and I

chose xy plane and I put the next circle. After the putting these circles I used multi section

command and I created the second solid.

Figure 3.2.3.1

Figure 3.2.3.2

Figure 3.2.3.3

After creating new plane I put first circle on the shaft and the other circle on new plane. I used

multi section command again and the last part was created.

Figure 3.2.3.4

Figure 3.2.3.5

After all of these applications I created basic shape of second implant.

Figure 3.2.3.6

3.2.4. Helix Command

This command is important for implant because we will create the thread with this command.

First we put our line that thread follows. This line passes middle of the implant.

Figure 3.2.4.1

Now we create first helix for our upper threads.Upper threads measurements: pitch: 0,2 mm

and height: 2 mm,taper angle:20.

Figure 3.2.4.2

Next step is, putting a small circle on this helix to create threads. Radius of this circle: 0,075

mm. For threads of upper are so small so ı use small radius for this side.

Figure 3.2.4.3

After putting this circle we use slot command and threads are created. Features for slot

command we choose line that middle of the implant for profile, helix for centre curve, pulling

direction for profile control and click merge slot’s end.

Figure 3.2.4.4

Then I create new helix with these measurements: pitch: 1, 2 mm, height: 10 mm, taper

degree: 2 0

for down side of the implant. All of the other steps are applied for down side like

upper side but I put bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads.

Figure 3.2.4.5

Figure 3.2.4.6

3.2.5. Designing Notch on the Implant:

Now we use slot command for bottom side to create holes but we create new line and draw

shape of hole. I put a circle bottom of the implant. (D=1 mm)

Figure 3.2.5.1

Now I create a path that this circle follows.

Figure 3.2.5.2

Now I can use slot command. I use circle for profile, path for centre curve and choose keep

angle. The hole was created.

Figure 3.2.5.3

There were two holes at the bottom of the implant so I use mirror command and copied the

second hole to the opposite side.

Figure 3.2.5.4

3.2.6. Edge Fillet Command:

I used this command for implant because the implant was not created like an implant. Corners

are sharp so I filet these places. I choose threads and fillet with 0, 02 mm.

Figure 3.2.6.1

I used this command for down side with 0, 2 mm.

Figure 3.2.6.2

I used this command again for bottom of the implant with 0, 5 mm.

Figure 3.2.6.3

I created the implant.

Figure 3.2.6.4

3.3.CREATING DENTAL PROSTHESIS

I created dental prosthesis for our implants. Implants hold this prosthesis. At this section I

mentioned step by step how I created it. First of all I used bone of inner in jaw. I prefer

SHAPE-IMAGE&SHAPE from under start menu and I opened my inner part file and I started

to create.

Figure 3.3.1

I click from right side SUBDIVISION SURFACE and there were a lot of points on the figure.

I used these points to create shape of teeth.

Figure 3.3.2

I clicked one by one or together some of them and I moved these points upside or downside

and I created first shape of teeth.

Figure 3.3.3

Then I started to shape this. I tried to do as real shape of teeth. I used for this shaping on the

top side transformation features command window I translated or rotated teeth because teeth

and x-y-z axes break teeth. It gets my job easier. After I translated or rotated my axes I used

slot command (Start-Machine Design).I drew slot geometry and a path that slot followed this

path and I created first slot of teeth on front axis. On top axis and behind of teeth I applied

these criteria and first slot was defined also I used edge fillet command to shape teeth.

Figure 3.3.4

Figure 3.3.5

We had 12 teeth on prosthesis so I applied these criteria one by one for each tooth and I

created prosthesis.

Figure 3.3.6

3.4. ASSEMBLY DESIGN

I drew all parts that I need (implants and Prosthesis).I used in this section 4 implants (I copied one

more each implant), prosthesis, jawbones (inner, outer bones in the jaw).These jawbones were drawn

by my friends.

First I show my parts for this application.

Figure 3.4.1 (outer of the jaw)

Figure 3.4.2 (inner of the jaw)

Figure 3.4.3 (implant 1 (2 item))

Figure 3.4.4 (implant 2 (2 item))

Figure 3.4.5 (teeth(prosthesis))

I opened new file from CATIA menu(START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-ASSEMBLY

DESİGN).I called my necessary file with using PRODUCT STRUCTURE TOOLS toolbar

and I clicked EXISTING COMPONENT WITH POSITIONING icon.

Figure 3.4.6

I placed all these parts their locations one by one. First I called jawbone and implants. I used

MANUPULATION command to place parts their locations

Figure 3.4.7

And then I placed teeth on it.

Figure 3.4.8

There is a special condition here I make holes for implants and I make these holes all of other

parts (inner and outer jawbone, teeth) from left side on steps I hide all bodies except inner

bone and I opened “part body” and clicked twice on it. I chose VIEW-TOOLS-BOOLEAN

OPERATION and I select REMOWE command on it. I selected for REMOWE: implant

FROM: inner bone and OK.

Figure 3.4.9

I apply these all of implants. After these application holes were created.

Figure 3.4.10

And I did these holes for outer bone and teeth

Figure 3.4.11

Figure 3.4.12

Finally my assembly was like in the figure.

Figure 3.4.13

After I finished my assembly design I saved my files. I followed these steps: FILE-SAVE

MANAGEMENT I saved my files separately.

Finally I saved my file with *.stp. Because I could not open this file in ANSYS

WORKBENCH directly so I opened it with SOLIDWORKS after CATIA and I saved my

files *.x.t parasolid files.

Everything was ready to analyse and I started to analyse from here.

4.ANALYSIS PARTS ON ANSYS WORKBENCH

I opened Ansys workbench and I chose STATIC STRUCTURAL (ANSYS) from left side

toolbox.

Figure 4.1.1

After I chose the right window opened.

This window was important because I did

all of my operations using these titles one

by one. And now I will explain what I did.

Figure 4.1.2

First I click “Engineering Data “icon and new windows were opened.

Figure 4.1.3

At this section I preferred my materials for implants, dental prosthesis and bones and I gave

their properties..These materials are:

Sponge Bone E=1,37 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio=0,3 for inner of jaw bone

Cortical Bone E=13,7 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio =0,3 for outer of jaw bone

Zirconium E=88 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio =0,34 for protsthesis

Titanium alloy for implants

From “Outline Filter “window I clicked general materials and from second window I found

Titanium Alloy and I clicked plus icon and this was added my project.

The other materials were not in Ansys Workbench Library so I added these. For these addings

first I clicked “Engineering Data” and from second window I clicked empty line and I wrote

my new material name and third window was activated .From left side on the toolbox I

clicked “Linear Elastic” icon and I preferred “Isotropic Elasticity”. On the third I wrote values

of Young Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio.

I applied these applications for each material and I added all of my materials on the top of the

window I clicked “Refresh Project” and “Update Project” icons so my operations were

applied on this project.

Then I clicked second icon “Geometry” and I chose “Millimetre” from new window and

“OK”.

Figure 4.1.4

From right corner of the window I selected “File-Import External Geometry File” and I

choose my Parasolid File (*.stp).

Figure 4.1.5

And I clicked right and then I chose

“Generate” command and shape were

created on Ansys Workbench window.

Figure 4.1.7

From main Workbench window I clicked Model icon

and the new window was opened (MECHANICAL)

.From left side I click right “mesh” icon and I chose

“Generate” and shape was meshed.

Figure 4.1.9

I continued my applications from left icons. First I clicked “Geometry” icon.

Figure 4.1.10

I chose one by one part from

“Geometry” (first arrow); I chose

materials of parts (second arrow).

Then I clicked “Static Structural”

icon and I chose fixed support from

“Analysis Settings”. I fixed my jaws

from some places which I obtained

before.

Figure 4.1.12

Then I clicked again “Static Structural” icon and I chose “Force” from “Analysis Settings”. I

applied force and their values which I obtained before.

4.1.FIRST ANALYSIS

I added two forces and I obtained their position like figure. I placed these two forces at rear

teeth and a human jaw bone carries about 50 kg =500 N so I thought Ftotal=500 N in my

calculations.

Figure 4.1.1

Then I clicked force from left side and I

wrote their values (each force is 250

N.)and I clicked (right) “Solution” and I

added “Insert-Stress-

Equivalent(VonMisses)”.

I added different solution for each part. After I chose one by one these stress and I chose

parts one by one. While I was doing this operation for selected part, I hid the other parts from

“Geometry” icon. I clicked right button for a parts and I clicked “Hide All Other Bodies”. I

did this operation each part because I wanted to analyse each part one by one.

Then I chose “Solution” again I clicked

“Evaluate all Results”.

RESULTS OF FIRST ANALYSIS

For Cortical Bone:

Figure 4.1.4

Max. Stress was occurred that cave

of implants (Front) for cortical

Figure 4.1.5

For Sponge Bone:

Figure 4.1.6

Max. Stress was occurred

that cave of implants

(Front) for cortical bone.

For Dental Prosthesis:

Figure 4.1.8

Max. Stress was occurred again that

cave of implants for dental prosthesis

teeth.

Figure 4.1.9

For Implant 1:

Figure 4.1.10

Max. Stress occurred at

threads of the implant.

For Implant 2:

Figure 4.1.12

Max. Stress occurred at threads of the

implant.

For Implant 3:

Figure 4.1.14

Max. Stress occurred at

threads of the implant.

For Implant 4:

Figure 4.1.16

Max. Stress occurred at top of

the implant

4.2.SECOND ANALYSIS

I added two forces and I obtained again their position like figure. I placed these two forces at

front teeth.

Figure 4.2.1

The other applications are same as first analysis. I clicked force from left side and I wrote

their values (each force is 250 N)And I clicked (right) “Solution” and I added “Insert-Stress-

Equivalent (VonMisses)”.

I added different solution for each part. After I chose one by one these stress and I chose

parts one by one. While I was doing this operation for selected part, I hid the other parts from

“Geometry” icon. I clicked right button for a parts and I clicked “Hide All Other Bodies”. I

did this operation each part because I wanted to analyse each part one by one.

Then I chose “Solution” again I clicked “Evaluate all Results”.

RESULTS OF SECOND ANALYSIS

For Cortical Bone:

Figure 4.2.2

Max. Stress was occurred that cave of implants

(Front) for cortical bone.

For Sponge Bone:

Figure 4.2.4

Max. Stress was occurred that cave of

implants (Front) for sponge bone.

For Dental Prosthesis:

Figure 4.2.6

Max. Stress was occurred again that

cave of implants for dental prosthesis

teeth.

For Implant 1:

Figure 4.2.8

Max. Stress occurred at threads of

the implant.

For Implant 2:

Figure 4.2.10

Max. Stress occurred at threads

of the implant 2.

For Implant 3:

Figure 4.2.12

Max. Stress occurred at threads of

the implant 3.

For Implant 4:

Figure 4.2.14

Max. Stress occurred at top of

the implant 4.

5.CONCLUSION

I acquired valuable knowledge and skills while I was working on this project. At the

beginning of this project I knew Catia and Ansys a little bit and sometimes I was in trouble

but then I researched informations about these programs, watched educational videos, talked

to my supervisor finally I managed to solve problems. These solved problems of the

project began to take me pleasure with all of these situations I was able to improve my

mechanical software skills.

This term has broadened my knowledge of engineering principles as well as gained many

valuable traits required to be a good engineer.

ANSYS is used for a lot of analysis (Fluid Mechanics, Structural Analysis, Design Analysis

etc...) and CATIA&SOLIDWORKS is used for designs (Surfacing & Shape Design,

Equipment Design) in big companies so I hope when I write these experiments on my CV, I

work for a big company.

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