unit 7 emma’s class. skimming & scanning 快速阅读 文章特点 文章长度为 800 -1200...

UNIT 7Emma’s Class

• Skimming & Scanning

• 快速阅读

文章特点

• 文章长度为 800 -1200 词左右。

• 文章一般是说明性的文章，如样题文章就是“垃圾掩埋 (Landfills)” 。

• 大部分文章既有大标题，也有小标题，甚至还有更小的标题，即使没有小标题的文章层次也非常的清晰。

• 文章中如果出现超纲词会用汉语在原文中标注。

试题特点• 共 10 道题，在前几次的新题型考试中前 7

个是判断正误，后 3 个是填空题；在 2007年 12 月的四、六级考试中，快速阅读出现了新题型，前 7 个是选择题，后 3 个是填空题。

• 正误判断分三种情况：正确 (Yes) ，错误(No) 和原文未提及 (Not Given) ，题目通常为陈述句，要求考生根据文中所给信息，对给出的陈述作出判断。选择题是根据文中的信息从四个选项中选出一个正确答案。

• 填空题的句子是对原文内容的转述，所填答案基本都是原文中出现的原词、原句，或根据原文进行的意思总结或形式改写，长度为 7 个词以内，主要是名词短语。

• 一般情况下试题考查的内容和文章内容的出现顺序是一致的，自始至终分布，但并不是每段或每个小标题下都设题，有的段落和小标题下设两题，有的则没有设题。

解题步骤• 第一步 : 略读标题，掌握大意略读标题，掌握大意

• 先读大标题。有小标题读小标题，没小标题读开头和结尾。

• 第二步 : 阅读题目，确定关键词阅读题目，确定关键词

• 通过阅读题目，找出该题目涉及到的关键性词汇，确定定位信息。诸如人名、地名、时间、数字等相关信息，这些词汇对于查询信息是重要的提示。

• 第三步 : 寻读题目中的关键词，准确定位寻读题目中的关键词，准确定位

• 结合对文章结构和各部分大意的把握，迅速查找与题目中的定位信息相关的内容，将题目信息的出处在原文中进行准确定位。对于有小标题的文章，在查找定位信息时，一定要重点关注小标题。另外，快速阅读的出题顺序与行文顺序基本一致，因此查找定位信息时，也应按照顺序进行。

• 第四步 : 仔细阅读原文，认真对照题目仔细阅读原文，认真对照题目

• 定位好信息出处以后，仔细阅读相关内容。对于选择题，仔细对照题干与原文内容，通读四个选项，选出与原文相符的选项；对于句子填空题，要仔细分析空白处需填入的成分及词性，再将题目与原文对照，找出答案。

•Practice

• 圈出题目中搜索词

1. The phrase “glorious messiness of English ” refers to the fact that _______

A. English is totally in a mess.

B. English has more words than other major languages.

C. English has lots of borrowed words

D. English is glorious in that it is the first truly global language

2. Which of the following is true with the core of English language?

A. Old English or Anglo-Saxon English is the core of English language.

B. They are usually short and direct.

C. It is the Germanic tribes who brought it to he British Isles.

D. All of the above.

3. Which of the following modern languages is not the descendent of the Indo-European parent language?

A. Greek

B. Sanskrit

C. Chinese

D. English

4. Which group of words in the following reflect the influences of Christianity on English?

A. ox and angle

B. shy and earth

C. martyr and hide

D. disciple and martyr

5. Which of the following statements is not true during the time the Normans conquered England?

A. Three languages coexisted.

B. There were sometimes different terms for the same thing.

C. French gradually swallowed English.

D. English borrowed about 10, 000 words from French.

6. Which of the following statements cannot be used to describe the contributions William Caxton’s printing press made to England?

A. It started a communications revolution.

B. It brought new thinking to English.

C. It helped the English to borrow words from Latin and Greek to name new inventions.

D. It turned many Greek and Latin classics into printed page.

7. What Otto Jesperson actually means is that__________

A. The English had always been respecters of each individual.

B. Everybody had been free to strike new paths. C. Both A and B. D.Love of freedom and the respect for the rights of

others, these two qualities in the people explain the richness of the English language.

8. Winston Churchill used Old English rather the English of his time to make his speech in order to ___________________

9. The language brought by the Vikings from Scandinavia is called __________.

10. According to the author, there is no need to worry about the purity of the English language because the English is, and always has been, the language of ___________________.

• Keys

No.1

• 3 Walkman is fascinating because it isn't even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesn't bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.

1. The phrase “glorious messiness of English ” refers to the fact that _______

A. English is totally in a mess.

B. English has more words than other major languages.

C. English has lots of borrowed words

D. English is glorious in that it is the first truly global language

No.2

• 4 How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet -- more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Anglo-Saxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.

2. Which of the following is true with the core of English language?

A. Old English or Anglo-Saxon English is the core of English language.

B. They are usually short and direct.

C. It is the Germanic tribes who brought it to he British Isles.

D. All of the above.

No.3

• 8 Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.

• 9 Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar's armies found in Britain.

•

3. Which of the following modern languages is not the descendent of the Indo-European parent language?

A. Greek

B. Sanskrit

C. Chinese

D. English

No.4

• 12 The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.

4. Which group of words in the following reflect the influences of Christianity on English?

A. ox and angle

B. shy and earth

C. martyr and hide

D. disciple and martyr

No.5

• 14 Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. With three languages competing, there were sometimes different terms for the same thing. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language -- Middle English -- with about 10,000 "borrowed" French words.

5. Which of the following statements is not true during the time the Normans conquered England?

A. Three languages coexisted.

B. There were sometimes different terms for the same thing.

C. French gradually swallowed English.

D. English borrowed about 10, 000 words from French.

No.6

• 15 Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press in England and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.

6. Which of the following statements cannot be used to describe the contributions William Caxton’s printing press made to England?

A. It started a communications revolution.

B. It brought new thinking to English.

C. It helped the English to borrow words from Latin and Greek to name new inventions.

D. It turned many Greek and Latin classics into printed page.

No.7

• 17 That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, "The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself."

7. What Otto Jesperson actually means is that__________

A. The English had always been respecters of each individual.

B. Everybody had been free to strike new paths. C. Both A and B. D.Love of freedom and the respect for the rights of

others, these two qualities in the people explain the richness of the English language.

No.8

• 5 Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made this speech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitler's armies positioned to cross the English Channel: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender."

No.9

• 13 Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.

No.10

• 19 Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.

8. Winston Churchill used Old English rather the English of his time to make his speech in order to ___________________

9. The language brought by the Vikings from Scandinavia is called __________.

10. According to the author, there is no need to worry about the purity of the English language because the English is, and always has been, the language of ___________________.

arouse the audience’s emotions/stirring the courage of his people

Old Norse

the common man/ people

• The History of English in Ten Minutes

• How many chapters mentioned in the video?

• Chapter 1 • Anglo-Saxon / Whatever happened to the Jutes• Caesar left• Germanic tribes: Anglos Saxons Jutes• Simple words, everyday things:• House, woman, loaf, werewolf Tuesday to Friday• Christian words: martyr, bishop, font• Vikings: drag ransack thrust die give take

Team Task

• P196

• P186

• corrupt: vt. • 1. cause to act dishonestly in return for personal

gains• 腐败；贿赂；贪污；堕落 • To gain more profits, the businessman tried every

means to corrupt the officials in the local government. n.corruption

• corrupt: vt. 2. become damaged or spoiled in some way

破坏；使（语言）变得不标准纯正

• The French think that borrowing foreign words will corrupt their language.

• 法国人认为外来词会损害法语的纯洁性。

• banvt. forbid (sth.) officially 禁止• ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth. • The local government banned cigarette selling in

all stores on May 31st, 2013.

n. 禁止• ban on sth.• Ban on cigarette• Ban on advertising

strictly speaking: 严格来说

Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her honesty.

• 一般来说；• 诚实地说；• 坦白地说；• 就个人来说；• 粗略来说

• generally speaking; • honestly speaking;• frankly speaking; • personally speaking ；• roughly speaking

• to a … extent/degree: 在 … 程度上 • I agree with him to some/certain extent but there are

still some areas of sharp disagreement between us.• ( 某种程度上 )

• If you take this training course, your English will be improved to a large extent.

• ( 很大程度上 )

• To a very real extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.

• ( 极大程度上 )

• arouse: vt. • 1. provoke (a particular feeling or

attitude) 唤起；激起• The student’s strange behavior

aroused the teacher’s suspicions.

• 2. Make sb. feel angry 激怒；惹怒• He tried to apologize, but only to

arouse her more.

• Surrender : • v. give in 投降

• Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender before the enemy. • 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。

• would rather do than do

• virtual

• adj.

• （计算机）虚拟的• 实质上的，事实上的； 

• virtually

• adv.

• 实际上；基本上 

virtually: adv. for the most part, almost 实际上；基本上

区分 : virtue; virtual; virtually1. It has been raining ________ non-stop for the past several days.

2. Integrity is a ________.

3. The internet create a huge ________ space for many students.

virtually

virtue

virtual

区分 : virtue(美德 ); virtual(虚拟的 ); virtually( 基本上；事实上 )

• resemble: vt. be like or similar to 与…相似 /相像

• She resembles her mother more than his father.

• 她像她母亲多过像他父亲。

• descend: v. go down 下降；下来

Ladies and Gentlemen, We are descending now, the lavatory has

been closed. To be safe, please fasten your seat belts, bring your seat backs and tables

to the upright position and open the window shades. All electronic devices should be

turned off.Thank you ！

• descend: v. come down (from a source) 起源于

• The modern English descended from the Germanic language.

• 现代的英语来源于日耳曼语系。

• descend: v. come down (from a source) 起源于• descendent • n.后裔，子孙• We are the descendents of "Yandi and Huangdi

Emperors“• 我们是炎黄子孙 .

• conquer: vt. take possession and control of (a country,

• city, etc.) by force; defeat 征服• Caesar once said, “I came. I saw. I conquered!”.•  Classical Latin: [ˈweːniː ˈwiːdiː ˈwiːkiː]

• spring

• spring• n.春季； 泉水，小溪； 弹簧，弹性； 跳跃• vi.跳，跃； 突然发出或出现

• Spring up: appear or be produced suddenly and quickly

• 涌现；迅速发展

• New companies sprang up all over the country. • 新工厂如雨后春笋般出现在全国各地 .

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