unit 1 nouns, pronouns, and adjectives ch. 14, 16.1 7 th english

Unit 1Nouns, Pronouns, and

Adjectivesch. 14, 16.1

7th English

Nouns—words that name a person, place, thing, or idea

Ex: person—Mr. Law, principalplace—Newport News, citything—pencil, binderidea—courage, fear

1. Collective nouns—nouns that name a group of people or things

Ex: team, class, committee, club

Types of nouns:

2. Compound nouns—nouns that are made up of two or more words

Can be separate words, hyphenated words, or combined words

Separated: middle school, post office Hyphenated: mother-in-law, make-up work Combined: doorknob, railroad,

grandmother

3. Common nouns—nouns that name any type of person, place, or thing

Ex: writer, park, document4. Proper nouns—nouns that name a specific

person, place, or thing Proper nouns ALWAYS begin with a capital

letter Ex: writer—William Shakespeare

park—Yellowstone National Parkdocument—Declaration of Independence

Pronouns—words that take the place of nouns or groups of words acting as nouns

Ex: Sally explained how she received her award.

Ex: The book The Hobbit is about a treasure hunt, and it is over 200 pages long.

Antecedent—the noun (or group of words acting as a noun) for which the pronoun stands

Ex: Sally explained how she received her award.

Ex: The book The Hobbit is about a treasure hunt, and it is over 200 pages long.

The antecedent usually comes before the pronoun.

The antecedent may be in a previous sentence.

1. Personal pronouns—these pronouns refer to the person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person, place or thing spoken about

Person speaking—1st person Person spoken to—2nd person Person, place or thing spoken about—3rd

person Memorize the chart in your notes!

Types of Pronouns:

2. Demonstrative pronouns—pronouns that point out specific people, places, or things

singular—this, thatplural—these, those

Ex: That is my book.These pencils are mine.

3. Interrogative pronouns—pronouns used to begin questions

who, what, which, whom, whose Ex: What is due tomorrow?

4. Indefinite pronouns—pronouns used to refer to unspecific people, places, or things

Memorize the chart in your notes! Ex: Everyone will be attending the

play.Both of us are sick.Some of the pizza is left.

Adjectives—words used to describe (modify) nouns or pronouns

Adjectives answer these questions:What kind? a new carWhich one? my carHow many? many carsHow much? no cars

Usually the adjective comes directly before the noun it describes/ modifies

Ex: The shiny, red car is Henry’s car.Henry’s car is shiny and red.

Articles—adjectives that answer the question which one?

2 kinds: definite (specific) and indefinite (unspecific)

Only the words “a,” “an,” and “the” are articles

Definite article: theEx: the book, the dog Indefinite articles: a, anEx: a dog, a book

1. Proper adjectives—proper nouns used as an adjective or adjectives formed from a proper noun

Ex: December weather, American history

Types of adjectives:

2. Compound adjectives—adjectives made up of more than 1 word

Can be hyphenated or combined words Ex: a well-known actress

a freshwater lake3. Demonstrative adjectives—demonstrative

pronouns used to describe/modify a noun This, that, these, those Ex: This book is mine.

4. Interrogative adjectives—interrogative pronouns used as adjectives

Which, what, whose Ex: Whose book is this?

5. Personal pronouns can be used as possessive adjectives

my, your, his, her, its, our, their6. Nouns can be used as adjectives By itself the word is a noun, but when it is

describing another word its an adjective Usually comes directly before the noun it

describes/modifies Ex: shoe salesperson

owl sanctuary