unit 1 - earth in space
Post on 20-Jan-2017
2.113 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1. PLANET EARTH1st ESO
Maira Gil CamarónSource: Santillana Richmond
The Earth and the Solar SystemThe Solar System
It consists in a single star (the Sun) and the planets that orbit it: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
The Earth is the fifth biggest planet in the Solar System, with a surface of 510 km2. It is the third planet closest to the Sun
Most planets in the Solar System have one or more satellites. The Earth has only one: the Moon
The biosphere: life on Earth The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System where life
exists. This conditions make this possible: The ideal TEMPERATURE for life due to the right distance to the Sun The ATMOSPHERE, a layer or gases that protects the Earth from the
Sun’s radiation WATER, necessary for all living things
Biosphere: the ecological system in which life exists
The outer structure of the Earth It consists of three parts:
The Atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth: nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
The Hydrosphere is all the water that exists in our planet: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice, groundwater and water vapour
The Lithosphere is the Earth’s solid outer layer. It consists of the continents and submerged land
The movements of the EarthRotation and
revolution Rotation: on its own
axis. The Earth rotates on its axis once a day, so it does one complete rotation every 24 hours As the Earth rotates, places
on the surface sometimes face the sun – this is day
When the face away from the sun, is is night
Revolution: around the Sun. The Earth orbits around the sun every 365 ¼ days, or once a year, in an elliptical orbit
Each year has four seasons, and there are season because the Earth’s axis is not vertical, it is tilted
The seasons In summer, one hemisphere
is tilted towards the sun and its rays reach the hemisphere almost vertically. At the same time, in the other hemisphere is winter because it is tilted away from the sun. In spring and autumn the Sun’s rays reach both hemispheres at a similar angle
Solstices: the Sun’s rays are vertical at one of the tropics. Days are long and warm in this hemisphere (21 June & 21 December)
Equinoxes: the Sun’s rays are vertical at the equator. Both hemisphere receive the same amount of sunlight and day and night are equally long (21 March & 23 September)
How is the Earth represented? Globes are the most
accurate way to represent the Earth. It is a small version of it because have similar shape of our planet
Maps show the Earth on a flat surface and can provide information about a small area, a country… or the whole world. When we make a flat map of the curved Earth, shapes and distances get distorted. A map has a title, a scale, a key, an arrow pointing north, and a grid of imaginary lines (parallels and meridians)
Establishing direction Cardinal points to establish direction: north, south, east and
west. You can use a compass, an instrument with a magnetic needle which always points north
Nature
What type of maps are there? Physical maps show the shape of the land, and water
features like seas and oceans. More detailed physical maps are called topographic maps because they also show heights, roads, rivers, place names
Political maps show the boundaries between countries or regions, towns and cities
Thematic maps show a specific thing: population, climate…
Physical map Political map Thematic map:Annual precipitations
How do we locate places on maps?
Parallels are imaginary lines running in an east-west direction. The Equator (0º) divides the Earth in two hemispheres. There are 90 parallels between the Equator and each pole. Other important parallels: Artic Circle, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Antartic Circle LATITUDE is the distance from a parallel to the Equeator and it measures in
degrees, minutes and seconds. Its values go from 0º to 90º
Meridians are imaginary lines running in a north-south direction from the North Pole to the South Pole. The prime meridian (0º) is also called the Greenwich meridian. There are 360 meridians, 180 in each hemisphere LONGITUDE is the distance from a meridian to the Greenwich meridian. It
measures in degrees, minutes and secons. Its values go from 0º to 180º
Direction – Maps normally show which way is north. If they don’t, north is at the top of the page
Scale – The scale bar shows how the distances on the map relate to real distances
Key – The key (or legend) tells us what the symbols on the map mean
Grid lines – The grid lines are the lines of latitude and longitude. They show exactly where places on the map are. The vertical coordinate tells us the latitude. The horizontal coordinate tells us the longitude
How to read a map
Reading coordinates For the latitude, look at
the vertical coordinate For the longitude, look
at the horizontal coordinate
The coordinates of London are: 52ºN, 0,1ºW
Using the scale
The scale bar shows how the distances on the map relate to real distances. It could be numeric or graphic, and you can write the scale in different ways:
1cm = 100km 1cm on the map is 100km 1:10,000,000 this is the same (1cm = 100km) because there are
10 million cm in 100km
To work out the real distance: Measure the distance with a ruler. Imagine the distance between
Cádiz and Málaga is 1,8cm in a map For a scale of 1cm=100km we calculate:
Real distance (in km) = map distance (in cm) x 100 1,8 x 100 = 180 km
Time zones As a result of the Earth’s rotation, it is daytime on
one side of the Earth when it is night-time on the other. Time zone were created to make the time around the world correspond to the position of the sun The Earths is divided into 24 time zones, which go from
pole to pole. Time zones are measured from the Greenwich meridian: If we go to East, we move the clock forward by one hour If we go to West, we move the clock back by one hour
Time zones are influenced by political factors Some countries have the same time across the whole country,
even though they are in more than one time zone Other countries have several time zones
top related