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UDDEHOLMUNIMAX
UNIMAX
2
UNIMAX
REFERENCE STANDARD
AISI WNr. JIS
ASSAB DF-2 ARNE O1 (1.2510) (SKS 3)
ASSAB DF-3 O1 (1.2510) (SKS 3)
ASSAB XW-5 SVERKER 3 D6 (D3) (1.2436) (SKD 2)
ASSAB XW-10 RIGOR A2 1.2363 SKD 12
ASSAB XW-41 SVERKER 21 D2 1.2379 SKD 11
ASSAB XW-42 D2 1.2379 SKD 11
CARMO CARMO 1.2358
CALMAX CALMAX 1.2358
CALDIE CALDIE
ASSAB 88 SLEIPNER
ASSAB PM 23 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 23 SUPERCLEAN (M3:2) 1.3395 SKH 53
ASSAB PM 30 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 30 SUPERCLEAN (M3:2 + Co) 1.3294 SKH 40
ASSAB PM 60 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 60 SUPERCLEAN (1.3292)
VANADIS 4 EXTRA SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 4 EXTRA SUPERCLEAN
VANADIS 6 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 6 SUPERCLEAN
VANADIS 10 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 10 SUPERCLEAN
VANCRON 40 SUPERCLEAN VANCRON 40 SUPERCLEAN
ELMAX SUPERCLEAN ELMAX SUPERCLEAN
ASSAB 518 P20 1.2311
ASSAB 618 P20 Mod. 1.2738
ASSAB 618 HH P20 Mod. 1.2738
ASSAB 618 T P20 Mod. 1.2738 Mod.
ASSAB 718 SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME P20 Mod. 1.2738
ASSAB 718 HH IMPAX HH P20 Mod. 1.2738
NIMAX NIMAX
MIRRAX 40 MIRRAX 40 420 Mod.
VIDAR 1 ESR VIDAR 1 ESR H11 1.2343 SKD 6
UNIMAX UNIMAX
CORRAX CORRAX
ASSAB 2083 420 1.2083 SUS 420J2
STAVAX ESR STAVAX ESR 420 Mod. 1.2083 ESR SUS 420J2
MIRRAX ESR MIRRAX ESR 420 Mod.
POLMAX POLMAX
RAMAX HH RAMAX HH 420 F Mod.
ROYALLOY ROYALLOY
PRODAX
ASSAB MM40
ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14 1.2714 SKT 4
ASSAB 2714 1.2714 SKT 4
ASSAB 8407 2M ORVAR 2M H13 1.2344 SKD 61
ASSAB 8407 SUPREME ORVAR SUPREME H13 Premium 1.2344 ESR SKD 61
DIEVAR DIEVAR
HOTVAR HOTVAR
QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME
ASSAB 705 4340 1.6582 SNCM8
ASSAB 709 4140 1.7225 SCM4
ASSAB 760 1050 1.1730 S50C
ASSAB is a trademark of ASSAB Pacific Pte Ltd.
The information contained herein is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Each user of ASSAB products is responsible for making its own determination as to the suitability of ASSAB products and services.
Edition D140714
3
UNIMAX
General
Unimax is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed tool steel which is characterised by:
Excellent toughness and ductility in all directions Good wear resistance Good dimensional stability during heat treatment Excellent through-hardening properties Good resistance to tempering back Good hot strength Good thermal fatigue resistance Excellent polishability
ApplicationsUnimax is suitable for long run production moulds, moulds for reinforced plastics and compression moulding.
Unimax is a problem solver in severe cold work tooling applications, such as heavy duty blanking, cold forging and thread rolling, where high chipping resistance is required.
Engineering and hot work applications requiring high hardness and toughness are also applications where Unimax has proven to be successful.
PropertiesThe properties below are representative of samples which have been taken from the centre of bars with dimensions 396 x 136 mm, Ø 125 mm and Ø 220 mm. Unless otherwise indicated, all specimens have been hardened at 1025°C, gas quenched in a vacuum furnace and tempered twice at 525°C for two hours to 56–58 HRC.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Approximate strength and ductility at room temperature at tensile testing.
Rotor for an electric motor, moulded in Unimax.
Hardness 54 HRC 56 HRC 58 HRC
Yield strength, Rp0.2
1720 MPa 1780 MPa 1780 MPa
Tensile strength, Rm
2050 MPa 2150 MPa 2510 MPa
Elongation, A5 9 % 8 % 8 %
Reduction of area, Z
40 % 32 % 28 %
Typical analysis %C
0.5Si
0.2Mn 0.5
Cr 5.0
Mo 2.3
V 0.5
Standard specification
None
Delivery condition Soft annealed to approx. 185 HB
Colour code Brown / Grey
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened and tempered to 56 - 58 HRC.
Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C
Density kg/m3 7 790 - -
Modulus of elasticity MPa
213 000 192 000 180 000
Coefficient of thermal expansion per °C from 20°C
- 11.5 x 10-6 12.3 x 10-6
Thermal conductivity W/m °C
- 25 28
Specific heat J/kg °C
460 - -
Approximate strength at elevated temperatures
Longitudinal direction. The specimens were hardened from 1025°C and tempered twice at 525°C to 58 HRC.
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
Stress, MPa
0 100 200 300 400 500 600°C
Testing temperature
Rp0.2
4
UNIMAX
1 100Time, h
550°C
Hardness, HRC60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
600°C
650°C
10
Impact energy, KV, J 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Longitudinal
Short transverse
-100 0 100 200 300 400
Testing temperature
500°C
1000 200 300 400 500 600°C
Testing temperature
Rm
Stress , MPa
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
Rp0.22
25
20
15
65
64
63
62
61
60
Grain size
ASTM Hardness, HRC
Hardness
Grain size
Retained austenite
990 1000 1020 10301010 1040 1050°C
25
20
15
10
5
Austenitising temperature TA, 30 minutes
520 540 560 580
Retained austenite, %
Retained austenite, %
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Hardness, HRC60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
TA=1025°C Hardness
500
Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
TA=1000°C Hardness
=1025°C Retained austeniteTA
600°C
Dimensional changes, %0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
-0.04500 520 540 560 580 600°C
1020°C Transverse
1020°C Short Transverse
1020°C Longitudinal
Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
MS
Austenitising temp. 1025°CHolding time 30 minutes
1100ºC
1000
800
700
600
500
300
200
100
400
900
CarbidesPearlite
101 100 1000 10 000 100 000
1 10 100 1000
Seconds
Minutes
Hours
Air cooling ofbars, Ø mm
0.2 1.5 10 90 600
1 10 100
Bainite
Martensite
321 4 5 6 8 97
Mf
ACs
= 820ºC
ACf
= 880ºC
1
98765432
835819798782724712674525476
1533
140630106429006250
13850
CoolingCurve No.
HardnessHV 10
T800-500
(sec)
Effect of testing temperature on impact energy
Charpy-V specimens, longitudinal and short transverse directions. Approximate values for specimens taken from Ø 125 mm bar.
Unimax is a solution to deformed or cracked shear blade for cutting warm steel.
CCT graph
Austenitising temperature 1025°C. Holding time 30 minutes.
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Hardness, HRC
550°C
600°C
650°C
1 10 100
Time, h
500°C4003002001000-1000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Impact energy, KV, J
Testing temperature
Effect of time at high temperatures on hardness
Initial hardness 57 HRC
5
UNIMAX
TEMPERING
Choose the tempering temperature according to the hardness required by reference to the tempering graph below. Temper at least twice with intermittent cooling to room temperature.
The lowest tempering temperature which should be used is 525°C. The minimum holding time at tempering temperature is 2 hours.
Hardness, grain size and retained austenite as functions of austenitising temperature
SOFT ANNEALING
Protect the steel and heat through to 850°C. Then cool in furnace at 10°C per hour to 600°C, then freely in air.
QUENCHING MEDIA
High speed gas/circulating atmosphere Vacuum furnace (high speed gas with sufficient overpressure) Martempering bath, salt bath or fluidised bed at 500-550°C Martempering bath at 200–350°C
Note: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature reaches 50–70°C.
Tempering graph
Soaking time = time at hardening temperature after the tool is fully heated through.
Protect the tool against decarburisation and oxidation during austenitising.
DIMENSIONAL CHANGES
The dimensional changes have been measured after austenitising at 1020°C/30 minutes, followed by gas quenching in N2 at a cooling rate of 1.1°C/second between 800–500°C in a cold chamber vacuum furnace.
Specimen size: 100 x 100 x 100 mm.
Temperature °C
Soaking time minutes
Hardness before tempering
1000 30 61 HRC
1025 30 63 HRC
Heat treatment
STRESS RELIEVING
After rough machining, the tool should be heated through to 650°C, holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C, then freely in air.
HARDENING
Preheating temperature: 600–650°C and 850–900°C. Austenitising temperature: 1000–1025°C, normally 1025°C.Holding time: 30 minutes
60
61
62
63
64
65
15
20
25
Grain sizeASTM Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, %
5
10
15
20
25
990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050°C
Austenitising temperature TA, 30 minutes
Grain size
Hardness
Retained austenite
50
52
54
56
58
60Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, %
48
46
10
15
20
25
30
35
5
500 520 540 560 580 600°C
Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
TA=1025°C Retained austenite
TA=1025°C Hardness
TA=1000°C Hardness
0.16
Dimensional changes, %
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
-0.04500 520 540 560 580 600°C
Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
1020°C Transverse
1020°C Short transverse
1020°C Longitudinal
10
5
6
UNIMAX
TURNING
Machining recommendations
MILLING
Face and square shoulder milling
Cutting data parameters
Milling with carbide
Rough milling Fine milling
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min120 - 170 170 - 210
Feed (fz)
mm/tooth0.2 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.2
Depth of cut (ap)
mm2 - 4 0.5 - 2
Carbidedesignation ISO
P20 - P40Coated carbide
P10 Coated carbide
or cermet
Cutting data parameters
Turning with carbideTurning
with HSS†
Rough turning
Fine turning
Fine turning
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min150 - 200 200 - 250 15 - 20
Feed (f) mm/r
0.2 - 0.4 0.05 - 0.2 0.05 - 0.3
Depth of cut (ap)
mm2 - 4 0.5 - 2 0.5 - 2
Carbide designation ISO
P20 - P30 Coated carbide
P10 Coated
carbide or cermet
-
Drill diameter mm
Cutting speed (vc)
m/minFeed (f) mm/r
≤ 5 15 - 20* 0.05 - 0.10
5 - 10 15 - 20* 0.10 - 0.20
10 - 15 15 - 20* 0.20 - 0.30
15 - 20 15 - 20* 0.30 - 0.35
* For coated HSS drill, vc~ 35–40 m/min
1 Drill with interntal cooling channels and brazed carbide tip2 Depending on drill diameter
Cutting data parameters
Type of drill
Indexable insert
Solid carbide
Brazed carbide1
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min180 - 200 120 - 150 60 - 90
Feed (f) mm/r
0.03 - 0.102 0.10 - 0.252 0.15 - 0.252
End milling
1 For coated HSS end mill, vc~ 35–40 m/min
Cutting data parameters
Type of milling
Solid carbide
Carbide indexable
insert
High speed steel
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min120 - 150 110 - 150 20 - 251
Feed (f) mm/tooth
0.01 - 0.202 0.06 - 0.202 0.01 - 0.302
Carbide designation ISO
- P20 - P30 -
Type of grindingSoft
annealed condition
Hardened condition
Face grinding straight wheel A 46 HV A 46 HV
Face grinding segments A 24 GV A 36 GV
Cylindrical grinding A 46 LV A 60 KV
Internal grinding A 46 JV A 60 IV
Profile grinding A 100 LV A 120 KV
The cutting data below are to be considered as guiding values and as starting points for developing your own best practice.
Condition: Soft annealed condition ~185 HB
Carbide drill
† High speed steel
DRILLING
High speed steel twist drill
GRINDING
Wheel recommendation
7
UNIMAX
WeldingWelding of die components can be performed, with acceptable results, as long as proper precautions are taken during the preparation of the joint, the filler material selection, the preheating of the die, the controlled cooling of the die and the post weld heat treatment processes. The following guidelines summarise the most important welding process parameters.
Following the EDM process, the applicable die surfaces are covered with a resolidified layer (white layer) and a rehardened and untempered layer, both of which are very brittle and hence detrimental to die performance.
If EDM is used, the white layer must be completely removed by grinding or stoning. After finish machining, the tool should be given an additional temper at approx. 25°C below the highest previous tempering temperature.
Further informationFor further information, i.e., steel selection, heat treatment, application and availability, please contact our ASSAB office nearest to you.
Surface treatmentTool steels may be given a surface treatment in order to reduce friction and increase wear resistance. The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and surface coating with wear-resistant layers produced via PVD or CVD.
The high hardness and toughness, together with a good dimensional stability, makes Unimax suitable as a substrate steel for various surface coatings.
NITRIDING AND NITROCARBURISING
Nitriding and nitrocarburising result in a hard surface layer, which is very resistant to wear and galling.
The surface hardness after nitriding is approximately 1000-1200 HV0.2kg. The thickness of the layer should be chosen to suit the application in question.
PVD
Physical vapour deposition, PVD, is a method for applying wear-resistant surface coating at temperatures between 200-500°C.
CVD
Chemical vapour deposition, CVD, is a method for applying wear-resistant surface coating at a temperature of around 1000°C.
Welding method TIG MMA
Preheating temperature1 200 - 250ºC 200 - 250ºC
Filler materialUTP ADUR600
UTP A73G2UTP 67S
UTP 73G2
Maximum interpass temperature2 350ºC 350ºC
Post weld cooling20 - 40ºC/h for the first two hours and then freely in air
Hardness after welding
54 - 60 HRC 55 - 58 HRC
Heat treatment after welding
Hardened condition
Temper at 510ºC for 2 h
Soft annealed condition
Soft anneal according to the “Heat treatment” recommendation.
Electrical discharge machining
1 Preheating temperature must be established throughout the die and must be maintained for the entire welding process, to prevent weld cracking2 The temperature of the tool in the weld area immediately before the second and subsequent pass of a multiple pass weld. When exceeded, there is a risk of distortion of the tool or soft zones around the weld.
8
UNIMAX
RESISTANCE TO FAILURE MECHANISMS AND CRITICAL MOULD STEEL PROPERTIES
Relative comparison of ASSAB plastic mould steels
ASSAB gradePlastic
deformationCracking Wear Corrosion Polishability
Thermal conductivity
Machinability
ASSAB 618
ROYALLOY
ASSAB 718 HH
NIMAX
CORRAX
POLMAX
MIRRAX ESR
STAVAX ESR
ASSAB 8407 SUPREME
UNIMAX
ELMAX
ASSAB XW-10
9
UNIMAX
10
UNIMAX
11
UNIMAX
MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur - Head OfficeASSAB Steels (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.Tel : +60 3 6189 0022Fax: +60 3 6189 0044/55info.kualalumpur@assab.com
NingboASSAB Tooling Technology(Ningbo) Co., Ltd.Tel : +86 574 8680 7188Fax: +86 574 8680 7166info.ningbo@assab.com
Cikarang*PT. ASSAB Steels IndonesiaTel : +62 21 461 1314Fax: +62 21 461 1306/ +62 21 461 1309info.cikarang@assab.com
Jiangxi*ASSAB Tooling (Dong Guan) Co, Ltd., Jiangxi BranchTel : +86 769 2289 7888Fax : +86 769 2289 9312info.jiangxi@assab.com
Tel : +62 21 5316 0720-1
Choosing the right steel is of vital importance. ASSAB engineers and metallurgists are always ready to assist you in your choice of the optimum steel grade and the best treatment for each application. ASSAB not only supplies steel products with superior quality, we offer state-of-the-art machining, heat treatment and surface treatment services to enhance steel properties to meet your requirement in the shortest lead time. Using holistic approach as a one-stop solution provider, we are more than just another tool steel supplier.
ASSAB and Uddeholm are present on every continent. This ensures you that high-quality tool steels and local support are available wherever you are. Together we secure our position as the world's leading supplier of tooling materials.
For more information, please visit www.assab.com
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