understanding two and three year olds ms. perez. bell ringer which of these drawings was made by a...

Understanding two and Understanding two and three year oldsthree year olds

Ms. PerezMs. Perez

Bell ringer• Which of these drawings was made by

a two year old?

Physical Development of a two year old

• Top heavy

• Center of gravity is focused downwards

• Can usually run and jump without falling

Gross motor development of two year olds

• Can sit on a riding toy and push by moving their feet

• Enjoying playing with balls – Can kick without falling– Sometimes they fall when they throw them

Fine motor development• Hand preference is a new concept

– Will eat with right but play with left

• Rapidly developing – Can insert keys into locks – Turn book pages one at a time

Fine motor development• Children will scribble at this age

• Build about six-seven block tall towers

Self Help Skills • Can drink from a cup or a glass

• Use spoon to feed themselves – However they may spill often – Can revert back to using hands

• Begin to cooperate in dressing – Snap pants okay

Cognitive Development • Language comprehension

– Understanding of language – Can usually identify six body parts– Can provide appropriate answers to yes and no

questions– Can answer “where” and “what is this” questions

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzWtMNZzCjo&feature=related

Cognitive Development• Expressive language

– Ability to produce language forms– Express thoughts to another – Speech usually involves simple sentences

• “Bobby hurt” • “I go home”

• At your table create an example of expressive language a two year old would say.

How to aid in expressive language

• Feeding in– Strategy where you provide the child’s

language – “You are playing with the blocks”– Kind of like narrating their life

How to aid in expressive language

• Expansion– Adding to their vocabulary by reframing

what they say– If they say “cars” you say “that is a blue

car”

• At your table create an example using expansion

Expressive language

• Around 27-30 months children may start to use prepositions “Cookies in jar”

• Average vocabulary is 50-200 words– Often they use words without fully understanding

them– Girls generally develop language skills faster then

boys

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2EertzeHjM

What else was this parent doing??

Math Readiness Skills• Developed as children interact with each

other and objects• Begin to sort by color and shape• Understand size concepts

– “big vs. small”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fjquqXZvos

Social development of a two year old

• parallel play– Play next to each other

• Like instant gratification– What does that mean?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbsgXKvTGCQ

• Physical in their responses– May hit, push, or bite a child who approaches

their child

• Possessive– Use body language to let people know how they

feel about their possessions

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbsgXKvTGCQ

– What is being demonstrated during this video?

• Affectionate towards adults– Need to receive in return

• Enjoying helping adults

Emotional development of two year olds

• Like to control their surroundings

• Trying to do a task that is to difficult may frustrate them and cause anger

• Anger not usually directed at one person or object

• Fear is common• Often are scared of getting hurt• Some fear has to do with their imagination

– Even imagined fears are REAL to toddlers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5WB2tbNxMQ

• Need to build trust and security– Routines help develop this

Teaching two-year olds • When guiding be firm but gentle

• “No” is their favorite word– May say “no” but mean “yes”

• They are egocentric– They think everyone thinks, feels, and

thinks like them

• Need lots of transition time

• High noise levels

• Gross motor activity is their favorite

• Like to act out of life experience or imitating– What area of pre-school is best for this?

• Routines are important– Story time daily

Watch• “Not-so-terrible-twos”

Bell ringer: • Put these three year old milestones in order:• Hold crayon between thumb and finger • Magical Thinking occurs• Imaginary friend• Aware of differences between themselves

and others

Imaginary friend 3 years

Aware of differences between

themselves and others 3 1/4 years

Magical Thinking occurs 3 1/2 years

Hold crayon between thumb and finger

3 3/4 years

Three Year Olds • Physical Development• Much better at body coordination

– Less top heavy– The are more streamlined– Walking appears more natural because they can

walk without their legs spread apart

Gross Motor Development• Better coordination

• They can throw, jump, and hop without any difficulty

• They now can climb

• Can ride tricycles

Fine Motor Development• Block towers are nine to ten blocks high• Can draw simple shapes

– Demo

• Cutting skills become more refined– Can cut across paper, but not follow lines

Self help skills• Turn on water facet by themselves• Can transfer water to a pitcher• MOST should be potty trained • Better at dressing themselves

– Open buckles, put on shoes that do not tie– Still not able to do small buttons and hooks– Have issues telling the front of clothing from the

back

• Don’t fully understand time concepts

• Solve simple problems– Ex. Put an object under a cup and nothing

under another cup the child will be able to tell you which object the cup is under

Cognitive Development

Language comprehension skills

• Begin to understand pronouns – You, they

• Can remember three part instructions– Go to the bathroom, wash your hands, and

dry them on the towel

• Understand words like up, down, apart,

Who, whose, why, how

-Understand ideas like around, in front of, in back of, next to

• Construct a sentence using the vocabulary words that three year olds would understand

Expressive language skills

• Know 900 words

• Make a sentence of 4-5 words

• May even put a sentence together using a conjunction

– “I went to the store and bought candy.”

Create a sentence that a three year old would say using a conjugation

• Understand possessive nouns– My toy, Mommy’s car

• Understand the difference between past and present tense – Daddy walked, Mommy went,

• Understand negatives – Can’t, don’t, nothing– I can’t go outside

• Start to question things– Why does the dog bark

• Constantly talk out loud to themselves– “Susie is taking a walk, I see a dog, I am

tired, lets go home”– Narrate their lives

Math readiness skills• Counting skills begin at this age

– A lot of the songs have to do with counting

• Understand the concept of full, more, less then, empty, largest (by month 42)– Like to compare objects asking if things

are bigger or smaller

• Can distinguish between one and many – Pick out one piece of candy

Social Development • Like to help others

• Learning positive ways to get attention

• Adjust to new people more easily

• Not as possessive

Start to learn gender roles• What behavior is expected of boys and

girls

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWc1e3Nbc2g

Emotional development• Strong and visible emotions

– When they are happy, you can tell– When they are upset you can tell– However they are beginning to understand

ways to control emotions• Won’t hit as music as two-year olds, will use

words to tell them that is their toy or to stop it

• Self concept is developed• Affectionate and seek affection in return• Still scared of imagined fears, not scared of

things they know– The dark

• Likely to become angry when things do not go their way– However they direct their anger at objects, not

people

Teaching three-year olds• Happy, social agreeable

• Easy to please

• Enjoy playing alone and with others

• Becoming independent “I can do it” – Need to show them you value their

independence

Create a venn diagram of two and three year old’s

• Include at least five things that are different about each age

• Include at least four things that are similar

• This is an individual assignment

• When done, discuss similarities and differences at your table.

• At your table come up with a scenario describing a way a two year olds would act in pre-school and the way a three year old would act

• We will share and guess which is which as a class.

Example:• Jeremy get’s angry when Ladonna is

playing with a toy, he walks over and grabs the toy from her. Is Jeremy two or three?

• Which category of development does this fall under?

Example:• Cindy is done with her art project, she

walks over to the sink to turn it on and wash her hands. Is Cindy two or three?

• What area of development does this fall under?