u-grass sprin 2016
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U-GRASS UNDERSTANDING AND ENHANCING SOIL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND RESILIENCE
UK GRASS AND CROPLANDS• Rationale:• Soil biodiversity is explicitly linked to soil functionality, and knowledge of
change in soil biodiversity will explain and predict change in soil services under different soil, climatic and land use contexts
• Aim:• Apply new biodiversity knowledge and advanced experimental approaches to
understand how environmental change affects soil processes in a variety of management and climatic scenarios
Understanding and enhancing soil ecosystem services and resilience in UK grass and croplands
Carbon cycling
Nitrogen
cycling
Diversity
Modelling
Climate
change
Land use
transitions
Resilience
Understanding and enhancing soil ecosystem services and resilience in UK grass and croplands
Methodologies:
• Survey land use intensity (grassland unimproved/improved
and arable)
• 30 land use gradients (30 sites, 3 intensities, 5 replicates)
spread over UK (from acidic to calcareous)
• High throughput sequencing
• Soil functional assays (enzymes,genes, greenhouse gas
emission)
• Isotope tracers
• Mesocosm soil resilience experiments
• Microcosm diversity tests
• New integrating modelling approaches
Objectives:
Survey of soil microbial biodiversity (30 sites; 450 samples): - Bacteria 16s ; Fungi ITS ; Eukaryotes 18S Soil extracellular enzyme activities
Soil properties- C, N, P, pH- Near Infrared Spectroscopy - DOC (concentration and chemistry fluo 3D) Statistics: Model RDA, network analysis, PLS regression, SEM
South West sites (Acidic soil) )
Methods:
Some results:
Land use intensity (LUI)
WP1: Field patterns and relationships between soils, biodiversity and functions
Jeremy Puissant, Tim Goodall, Ashish Malik, Robert Griffiths
?
Land use intensity
Network analysis
Land use intensity
Aimeric Blaud, Ian Clark, Penny Hirsch
Survey of soil biodiversity & multiple ecosystems services in UK grass and croplands (WP1)
Question: determine the relationships between soil biodiversity, properties & functionality under different management in wide range of soil systems
N2
NH4+
NO3-
NO2-
NH3
Den
itrifi
catio
n
NO2-
NO
N2O
NH2OH
NO2-
Anammox
N fixation
Nitr
ifica
tion
DNRA
Comammox
nifH
amoA
nxrA
nrfA
narG
napA
nirK nirS
norB
nosZhao
amoA
Methods:• UK sampling: ~90 fields, ~450 samples
• DNA extraction• Design and update primer to target N
cycle genes
• Quantification of genes by Q-PCR
• Use of amplicon sequencing
• Relate genes abundance/diversity to environmental variables
Specific objective: survey the microorganisms involved in the N cycle
Kate Buckeridge (PDRA), Kelly Mason, Nick Ostle, Jeanette Whitaker, Niall McNamara
Land use intensity (LUI) Microbial community structure WP2. Soil biodiversity and functional resistance-resilience (R-R)WP3. C storage, GHG emissions, CNP cycling
Sample across UK (pH, SOM, clay)Short microcosm incubations with added simple (glucose) and complex (necromass) 13C-labelled substratesAnalyse 13C in MB, PLFA and CO2
Characterize response relative to LUI, SOM, pH, mineralogy
9 sit
es x
3 LU
I x 5
repl
icat
es =
135
Current experiment H: LUI alters microbial community structure (favours r-strategists), which reduces resource use efficiency (i.e. more C respired relative to biomass gain)
LUIr:K strategists
C se
ques
trati
onR-
RGH
G em
issi
ons
How?
(Microcosm) manipulation of microbial diversity
1. Common garden experiments2. Recipical transplant experiments3. ‘burying soil’4. Diversity manipulations
Testing mechanisms of microbial diversity
• Microbial migration• Microbial exchange• Community composition• Succession of microbial community• Community establishment• Community stability
Objective: Determine explicit role of altered microbial biodiversity in regulating soil services
WP 4. Determining biotic and abiotic regulation of soil services under different management intensity
t=1 t=2 t=3 t=4 t=5 t=6
1 month
(sterile soil)
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