treatments to improve concrete performance - aia

Treatments to Treatments to improve the improve the

performance of performance of ConcreteConcrete

Lets start with the basics of concrete:

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Just exactly what is CONCRETE?

You Dummy, It wouldn’t

hurt! Cement is a powder

… I was running

and fell on the

Cement ….

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Definitions•Cement = Powder

•Cement + Water = Paste

•Paste + Sand = Mortar

•Mortar + Stone = Concrete

A chemical reaction takes places when the water is mixed with the cement

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The chemical reaction starts a crystal-type growth in the cement.

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This is the critical point…If the cement does not get enough water, the reaction stops and the

concrete will not reach its designed strength

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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Strength

DesignedStrengthStrength w/omoistureRapid moistureloss

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The moisture must be available to the cement for 21 days.

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Thermal cracking

Hair checking

Shrinkage cracks

In addition to strength loss, there may be:

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Laymen's terms please…..

“CURE” THE CONCRETE

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Effect of CuringEffect of Curing

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20

40

60

80

100

120

140

100 200 300 400

Age, Days

% o

f 28

day

val

ue

Moist Cure

Not Cured

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OK

OK

OK

OK

OK

OK

OKOKOK

OK

OKI get it….

I need to cure the concrete.

How do I do it?

CURING METHODS

• BURLAP, COTTON MATS, RUGS, OR OTHER MOISTURE-RETAINING FABRICS

• PLASTIC SHEETS

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Lets talk about

water-cure

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Water cure can lead to:

The most economical method of

curing a slab is with a curing

compound

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The trick is to select and specify the appropriate compound for the

project

TYPES OF PRODUCTS

MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS

CURING & SEALING COMPOUNDS

TYPES OF PRODUCTS

CONCRETE SEALERS & EXPOSED AGGREGATE SEALER

CONCRETE DENSIFIERS & CHEMICAL HARDENERS

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WOW – What does it all mean?

ASTM C 1315

ASTM C 309

AASHTO M 148

FAA P-610

F.S. TT-C-800

Is there a specification?

ASTM C 309TYPE 1 (NON- Pigmented)TYPE 2 (White Pigmented)CLASS A OR CLASS BApplication rate 200 SF/GALFilm dries in 4 Hours or less

WATER RETENTION - 0.55 KG/M² (Type 2) MIN. 60% REFLECTANCE

VOC Content less than 350 GPL

Federal SpecificationTT-C-800

Specification has been replaced with the newer ASTM 1315

specification

ASTM C- 1315TYPE 1 or TYPE 2

Different classes… Not by solids type

CLASS A - NON YELLOWING

CLASS B - MODERATE YELLOWING

CLASS C - SEVERE DARKENING

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

MIN. 25% SOLIDSREFLECTANCE 65% MIN

(versus 60% with c 309)

NOT MORE THAN 0.40 Kg/m² in72 HRS (versus .55 with C 309)

Dry time is less than 4 hoursPULL-OFF STRENGTH 145 psi

VOC Content 700 GPL or less

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FOUR Different Kinds of Concrete

BookCrete - Architect

LabCrete - Chemist

RealCrete – Ready Mix Driver

LegalCrete – Costs Money

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Lets look at it as steps

Sodium Silicates

Cures & Sealers

Dissipating Membrane

DENSIFIER Sealers

ASTM C 309

ASTM C 1315

ASTM ?

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Which steps do I take?

What Kind of floor do you require on your project?

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Radical ConceptChallenge is to specify the

right product for the project.

Not specify “C-309”

Residential Floor slab

Driveway

Sidewalks

Sodium SilicatesCuringHardeningDustproofing Compound

Densifier and Chemical Hardeners

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“I just have to meet a specification”

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Next StepNext Step

Sodium Silicates

Dissipating Membrane

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Dissipating Cures

Curb & Gutter

Sidewalks

Driveways

General areas

DOT applications

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Pigmented Curing Pigmented Curing CompoundsCompounds

Highways

RunwaysMunicipal Streets

Median Barriers

Check with your local Rep for the products used in your State

Typically Large volume

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Next StepNext Step

Sodium Silicates

Dissipating Membrane

Cures & Sealers

SPECIFICATIONS:

ASTM C 309 Type 1, Class BASTM C 1315, Type 1, Class

A•CLASS A - NON YELLOWING

WILL NOT YELLOW FROM SUNLIGHT

Stains wiped clean

DO NOT

Seal over any Stains. They will be magnified

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CAUTIONCAUTION

Blushing can occur

Avoid application in direct sunlight

Watch DEW POINT @ 60% Relative Humidity

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Cure & Anti-Spall

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White Pigmented Cure & Seal

Poly Alpha Methyl Styrene

(PAMS for short)

Normally used on Bridge Decks @ DOT level

Exposed Exposed Aggregate Aggregate

sealersealer

Pay attention to the Pay attention to the ClassClass

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The top Step

Sodium Silicates

Cures & Sealers

Dissipating Membrane

DENSIFIER

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“I want the best floor available”

High Solids Silicates

PENETRATING

PRODUCES A FLOOR WHICH IS “SELF-POLISHING”

SUPERIOR ABRASION RESISTANCE

TOUGHER THAN SURFACE SEALERS (Not a film on the surface of the concrete)

INDUSTRIAL PLANTSPARKING STRUCTURESWAREHOUSESAIRPORTSSEWAGE & WATER TREATMENT PLANTSCHEMICAL & FOOD PROCESSING PLANTSREFINERIES & ARENAS

DESIGNED FOR USE IN

MAY BE USED ON NEW OR EXISTING CONCRETE

May be applied to new concrete after the final troweling

OLD CONCRETE FREE OF OIL &CONTAMINANTS

Application Guide Apply using commercial spray equipment Scrub it into surface utilizing broom/mechanical scrubber Keep surface wet for minimum of 30 minutes (forms a gel) Sprinkle with water prior to final buffing

Application Guide

Remove all excess water & hardener & flush surface after completion of application

Features & Benefits (review)

Chemically reacts with the concrete to harden surface Increases abrasion resistance Improves chemical resistance Reduces permeability Provides an integral seal within the pore structure

Features & Benefits

Improves resistance to staining and markingThe heavier the use of the floor, the harder the surface getsProduces dust free surface

Environmentally friendly

Target Areas

Warehouse stores Heavy traffic areas Arenas & Convention Centers Warehouse Facilities Food Processing Plants

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Application is a KEY consideration….

This is not a spray and forget material

Applying – Garden type sprayer

Mechanical Scrubber

Keep surface wet

Remove Excess

Polished

Un-Polished

Evaporation Reducer

Other Category treatments that aid

the performance

Features/Benefits

Reduces surface moisture evaporation Eliminates or reduces crusting, stickiness and underlying sponginess Reduces and, in many instances eliminates plastic-shrinkage cracking and wind crustingAllows lower slump and lower unit water content in concrete used for flatwork

Features & Benefits

Increases the amount of surface handled per finisher

Encourages the use of air-entrained concrete, required for durability and workability

Timing of various finishing operations is less critical, thus reducing overall cost

Finishing aid for use with polymer concrete or silica fume products

Application

Apply with pressure sprayer

Agitate material in original container and delute one part to nine parts water

Spray surface lightly and uniformly immediately after screeding fresh concrete

Proceed with bull floating----repeat spraying procedure whenever concrete begins to prematurely set

Forms a monomolecular film

Limitations

Not a curing compound

Reduces evaporation only while concrete is in its plastic state

Don’t apply during any finishing operation nor should it be worked into the concrete surface

Protect from freezing

EPA AIM VOC Ruling

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Bituminous Coatings and Mastics Concrete Curing Compounds Concrete Curing and Sealing Compounds Form Release Compounds Primers and Under coaters Waterproofing Sealers and Treatments

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“The great things a man does appear to be great only after they are done.

When they’re at hand, they are normal decisions and are done without knowledge of their greatness”

George S. Patton, Jr., General, USA