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Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 1
19360 Business Center DriveNorthridge, CA 91324www.ITSamerica.com
October 24,2013
Transitioning from NTSC (analog)
to HD Digital Video Volume 2
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 2
A Review
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 3
Translating between Analog NTSC & SD/HD-SDI
At the SDI source At the end of a 100 meter cable
Composite Analog Video
1.53.0 GB/Sec Bit Stream
6 MHz Bandwidth
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 4
Translating between Analog & SD/HD-SDI
4
Attribute Analog Video SDI Digital Video
Raw Video Complex AM, FM and phase modulated signal requiring 6 MHz bandwidth
Serial encoded bit stream at bit rates from 270 Mbits/s to 3000 Mbits/sec
Sync Pedestal and color burst sync areas scaled generally below the black level
A reserved bit patterns (SAV & EAV) defined by SMPTE in the SDI stream
Blanking A predetermined voltage level in the video signal
ANC space between EAV & SAV is Horizontal “blanking” data space, ANC space between SAV and EAV from first line to line 40 (1080) or 25 (720) is Vertical “blanking” data space.
Active Video
An AM signal with overlaid phase modulated color information 480 scan lines/frame
A stream of image samples between SAV & EAV from 640 (SD) to 1920 (1080) and scan lines from 480(SD) to 1080 (1080)
Frame/Field Rate
RS 170 60Hz /30 Hz Field/Frame RS170A (NTSC) 59.94 (60/1.001)CCIR 50Hz /25Hz field/frameProgressive and Interlaced
Many from 24.975 to 60 Hz and beyondProgressive and Interlaced
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 5
Digital Video Resolution
October 24,2013
2 bits = 4 colors
4 bits = 16 colors
8 bits = 256 colors
24 bits = 16 million colors
Pictures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_depth
Resolution is 3-Dimensional
• Horizontal Lines per Frame• Pixels per Line• Bits per Pixel (pixel depth)
Pixel count is constant
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 6
HD Video Issues
Raw Video = high bit rates 720p/60, 1080i/30, 1080p/30 = 1.485 gigabits /sec 1080p/60 = 2.97 gigabits/sec
Transport Raw video high bit rates limits transport distances
• Via Coax < 200 meters• Via Fiber < 30Km
Raw Video = lots of data One 1080 frame = 2,475,000 pixels One pixel = 20 bits (4:2:2 subsampling) or 24 bits RGB One 1080 frame = 6,187,500 to 7,425,000 bytes of data 1080p/60 = 371,250,000 to 445,500,000 bytes/second
Subsampling reduces bytes/frame 4:2:2 subsampling saves ≈ 16%
• Similar in concept to analog
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 7
Raw HD Video = High Bit Rates
Compression Reduces Bit Rate
• MPEG 2 20:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 18,562,500 to 12,375,000 bytes/sec)
• H.264 30:1 to 100:1 (1080p > 12,375,000 to 3,712,500 bytes/sec)
• JPEG 2000 10:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 37,125,000 to 18,562,500 bytes/sec)
Extends transport distances• H.264 enables broadcast of HD-SDI over GigE networks.
Compromises image quality • Loss of background detail• frame drops• freeze frames• pixelization
Introduces Latency • 70 ms > several seconds
Splits data space from videoOctober 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 8
HD Video Data Spaces
October 24,2013
Volume 2 Focus
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 9
Analog Video Data Spaces
October 24,2013
Edge Encoding (non-broadcast)Steals a bit of each video scan line
Supports 1 bits/line60 bytes per frame
Vertical Blanking SpaceA few lines above the visible image
Contains• VITC• Closed Captioning • Teletext• Billing data • Copy protection & V-chip data• ≈240 bytes per frame
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 10
HD-SDI Frame (720p) & Metadata Space
720p Video
VANC Space 25 Lines * 1280 samplesCinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning
HANC Space370 Samples x 750
>3000 data itemsExample Packets• 16 channel
audio snippets• Film Codes• Payload data• Workflow data• Copyright data• V-chip data• Billing data• Logging Info
Buffer Space Lines 746-750
EAV
SAV
Line
Cou
nt
CRC
HANCHANC
EAV
1280 luma samples1280 luma samples
1650 luma samples1650 luma samples
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 11
HD-SDI Frame (1080i/p) & Metadata Space
1080i/1080pVANC Space 40 Lines * 1920 samples
Cinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning
HANC)Space 280 samp * 1125
>3000 data itemsExample Packets• 16 channel
audio snippets• Film Codes• Payload data• Workflow data• Copyright data• V-chip data• Billing data• Logging Info
Buffer Space Lines 1121-1125
EAV
SAV
Line
Cou
nt
CRC
HANCHANC
EAV
1920 luma samples1920 luma samples
2200 luma samples2200 luma samples
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 12
Metadata Packets
Many Types Defined by SMPTE Dictionary
• Keys• Data content• Format• Metadata Elements Dictionary
RP210 Version 13 of this registry contains more than 3200 data types.
SMPTE KLV Pack= Defined Structure Ancillary Packet K=key (16 byte word) L=length (1 byte) V=(1-235 bytes of data); any data HANC KLV Pack; Type 01 VANC KLV Pack; Type 02
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 13
HD-SDI KLV Type 02 VANC Packets
VANC -KLV Pack is a SMPTE Structure SMPTE Standard 291M
• Wrappers (ADF signature bytes)• KLV Type identifiers (DID and SSID)
VANC = Type 02• Length (DC)
SMPTE RP210 defines >3000 keys
MISB uses the Type 02 KLV Ancillary Data Packet More than 900 keys
• Most derived from UAV needs• Groups of variables
Pointing angles, gimbal angles, velocities may be all one chain of data
Dictionary is MISB Standard 0807.10• See http://www.gwg.nga.mil/misb/stdpubs.html
Microsecond Timestamp is one particular MISB Dictionary Item
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 14
KLV = Game Change
KLV Value = Memory Space Binary Data ASCII Characters Integers, signed and unsigned Single Precision Double precision Any other meaning of binary data
HD Data Rate 1000x Analog offered < 2,000 bytes/sec HD offers up to data rate = 1,776,600 bytes/sec
• @ 60 FPS * 235 bytes = 14,100 bytes/second data rate capacity per KLV packet
• One line can hold 3-7 packets• 1080p has ≈ 18 lines free• Data rate = 18*7*14100 = 1,776,600 bytes/sec
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 15
KLV = Game Change
KLV as transport @ 14Kb/sec each pack can move data point to point along
with video• Could be video related• Could be unrelated information• Could be cipher (secure)
Can have multiple unrelated data streams (one in each KLV pack)
KLV Bound to Video Video related data
• Pointing angles• Camera/Lens settings• Situational Awareness
Frame-to-Frame correspondence is exact & permanentRecord Clean Video
Embed data traditionally on overlay in KLV, once per frame Display what is needed, when needed, where on the frame
and in a useful colorOctober 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 16
KLV = Game Change
How many KLV packs are needed? Example: ITS Proposed “Instrumentation Pack”
• 41 data items Pointing Angles up to 24 bit resolution Ranges as SP values of ±9.999999E±16 64 bit time stamps Five 10 ASCII character fields
• 170 Bytes TOTAL! All of this data fits in a single KLV pack
ITS has developed Multi-KLV Pack Engine 2 KLV packs available as memory space
• 470 bytes to hold information User can invoke 1, 2 or none dynamically User can extract “V” on command User can monitor during write User can display at destination
October 24,2013
Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation
Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp
Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation Mount angles timestamp Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp
Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation
Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 17
Line 9
V2.0 ITS HD-SDI Insertion EngineSA
V Pack 0Microsecond Timestamp
Can turn offFixed MISB FormatAlways first pack
Option Pack 1Data block
Can turn on or offCan be any data from 1-235 bytesBasic decoder ;
ASCII, Integer, decimal
Option Pack 2Data block
Can turn on or offCan be any data from 1-235 bytesBasic decoder ;
ASCII, Integer, decimal
October 24,2013
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 18
ITS KLV Tool Kit
Use a MISB key or Create with the ITS KeyTemplate© Excel worksheet Export design to ‘CSV’ Distribute design to all stakeholders
October 24,2013
K ey (HE X ) 0 O KL eng th (B ytes ) 200F ield C ount 45
57414A19360A00017F 44A0904F 013AABE s t. D is play P roces s T ime
Build a 16 byte key
F ield R ef NameF ield
NumberS tart B yte
P ad F ormatInput L E N
L en R ang e
T es t ID 1 1 0 AS C II 10 1-234D AS T ime 2 11 0 B inary 8 1-225Geodetic D atum 3 19 0 B inary 1 1-217R un Number 4 20 0 B inary 1 1-216C las s ification 5 21 0 AS C II 10 1-215T emp 6 31 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4P res s ure 7 33 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4humidity 8 35 0 UI-MAX 1 1-4wind s peed 9 36 0 UI-MAX 1 1-4direction 10 37 0 UI-W Z 2 1-4
Create Fields & Assign Data Types
ResolutionTime
Budget (uS)
Qualified Length
Plan to Show
100 10 Y20 8 Y20 1 Y20 1 Y
100 10 Y.002 500 2 N.00 500 2 N.4 500 1 N.8 500 1 N
Field Ref NameField
NumberStart Byte
Pad Before
This ByteFormat Input LEN
Len Range
Full Scale Value
Decimal Places
Display Model
Focus setting 27 87 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4 1024 0 1024.azimuth 28 89 0 UI-MAX 3 1-4 360 8 359.99997854elevation 29 93 1 SI-MAX 3 1-4 180 8 +/-179.99997854
Choose how fields would be displayed
Plan what fields would be displayed
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 19
Insert GUI imports ‘CSV’
• Prepares List of Fields User selects what fields to display Selects row/column locations
GUI forms complete commands to • Load “decoder ring”• Set display locations
Input your data via Ethernet port Transport data via SDI video stream
ITS KLV Tool Kit
October 24,2013
Your Data
CSV of KLV
design
SDI Video w/KLV Data
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 20
Display GUI imports ‘CSV’
• Prepares List of Fields User selects what fields to display Selects row/column locations
GUI forms complete commands to • Load “decoder ring”• Set display locations
Select Fields to Display and Where May monitor at write time, display at destination
ITS KLV Tool Kit
October 24,2013
Your Data
CSV of KLV
design
SD
I V
ideo
w/K
LV
Data
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 21
Test Your Design Test GUI imports ‘CSV’
• Prepares an input form • Input test data• Set repetition rate• Start test
View decoded data in overlay
ITS KLV Tool Kit
October 24,2013
CSV of KLV
design
Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 22
Check List
KLV packs in SDI are a game changer KLV Packs can
• Transport data• Move cipher blocks• Enable recording of clean video• Maintain alignment of imagery and data
Video Encoders/Decoders Must Preserve VANC end-to-end SDI Recorders must
• Preserve VANC at record time• Restore VANC at playback time
Video Archiving must preserve VANC ITS toolkit
• Create KLV• Insert your data• Monitor your data• Display your data• Test your KLV design
October 24,2013
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