transitional homelessness – homelessness in transition in eastern europe

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

EUROPEAN CONTEXT

ENHR

HOMELESSNESS IN TRANSITION IN EASTERN

EUROPEBill Edgar

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR

Outline of Presentation

Post Socialist / Accession Welfare Regime(s)

Homelessness in Eastern Europe

Civil Society

The State

The Market

New Welfare Regime and Homelessness

EU Issues

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR

Post Socialist / Post Accession New Welfare Regime(s)

STRUCTURALTRANSITIONTO MARKET ECONOMY

STATE

CIVILSOCIETY

MARKET

NGO INFORMAL FAMILY ECONOMY

WELFARE FINANCIAL POLICY STRESS

PRIVATE INTERESTS

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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Elements in the new welfare regimes(After Hegedus, 2009)

STATE Weak Government Capacity of public sector Political democracy (wobbly pillar)

MARKET Dominance of private interests Informal economy a constraint on efficient welfare programs

CIVIL SOCIETY Limited role of donor agencies / NGOs Role of Family – weak(ening)

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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HOMELESSNESS IN EASTERN EUROPE

Structural Changes of Transition Increased vulnerability of marginalised groups

in all transition countries Structural Causes

BUT perception is individual rough sleeping Specific Issues (more than in EU-15)

Roma Restitution Children

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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MPHASIS Strategic Co-ordination

Weak in all countries Profile

Data poor; structural causes important Perception / Definition still rough sleeping

State Provision Limited in scale and form

NGO Role Importance varies (Czech, Hungary, Slovenia) Lacks capacity and stable funding Impact of EU and non-national NGOs

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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CIVIL SOCIETY ISSUES NGO Sector

Capacity (Hradecký; Salomon) Influence “whispering at the back door”

Regulation and Service Quality Too prescriptive ? – allow innovation Professionalisation / Social Work Training Accommodation standards, forms of provision Funding – level, decentralisation, donor

Re-familialised countries (Hantrais, 2004) Poland (private) – Czech (mixed) – Hungary (public)

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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THE STATE

REGULATION AND FUNDING Strong regulation but weaker inspection Limited Funding – Decentralisation issues Limited state role in provision / purchaser-provider

Structural Housing Issues Public - Stock, allocation Private – Finance impacts

Institutional Issues Children / care discharge Prisoners

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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Market

Privatisation of State Sector Weak allocation framework / access Institutional / legal structure

Emerging Housing Finance Systems Different institutional solutions (embryonic) High borrowing in foreign currencies Housing costs and income / affordability

Restitution – creating private rental sector Diversity in legal enforcement and regulation

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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Diversity in Service Provision(After Hantrais)

Hungary

EstoniaLatvia

Lithuania

RomaniaBulgaria

DECOMMODIFIED

DE-FAMILIALISED

Czech Slovakia

Slovenia

Poland

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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New Welfare Regime

Observatory Conservative post-socialist (Central Europe) Liberal post-socialist (Baltic)

Hegedus Mixed – Hybrid regime Liberal – Mediterranean – South American

Pressures Fiscal Pressure Role of Family Labour Market weaknesses / informal economy Housing market weaknesses

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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Implications for Homelessness

Scale and Profile Increase in number and type (chronic, repeat) More families, young, women

State Role Lack of co-ordination continuing Purchaser-provider nexus not changing

Services Limited in geographical coverage and form Quality limited by funding problems and reduction of

EU role

European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW

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EU ISSUES Ethos / Measuring Homelessness

Recognise non-conventional dwellings issue Over-crowding and inadequate housing

Indicators adopted in July 2009 Role of Census 2011

Quality Issues Structural Housing problems Service Quality and Developing Capacity

Build Research Capacity – target research