transforming scholarly publishing: from a closed book to an open digital platform truth 2012...

Transforming Scholarly Publishing: From a Closed Book to an Open Digital Platform

TRUTH 2012 Symposium

INTRO

• Practitioner perspective• Concepts• The Scholarly Monograph• Public Knowledge Project• Open Monograph Press

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Some Concepts

• “Open”• Inter-operability• Collaboration• Persistence• Sustainability

OPEN

• Open source software: freely available for anyone to download, use and improve

• Open access: unrestricted online access to scholarly output

• Open content /data: access and repurpose

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INTER-OPERABILITY

• “the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together”

• Open standards• Software development methodologies & tools

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COLLABORATION

• Commons-based peer production (Benkler)• “…collaboration among large groups of

individuals, who cooperate effectively to provide information, knowledge or cultural goods without relying on either market pricing or managerial hierarchies to coordinate their common enterprise.”

• Open community• Diverse expertise

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PERSISTENCE

• Digital preservation, esp. for born digital• Bit rot, link rot, obsolescence• Rushdie’s Computer• Data life cycle• Big data

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Data LifecycleSource: DDI Structural Reform Group. “DDI Version 3.0 Conceptual Model." DDI Alliance. 2004. Accessed on 11 August 2008. <http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI/committee-info/Concept-Model-WD.pdf>.

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BIG DATA

• 1 petabyte = 1,000 terabytes• 13.3 years of HD-TV video• 10 million yards of books on a shelf• 20 million four-drawer filing cabinets filled

with text• 250 million mp3 songs

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BIG DATA

• Walmart handles 1 million plus customer transactions every hour, which is imported into databases estimated to contain more than 2.5 petabytes of data - the equivalent of 167 times the information contained in all the books in the Library of Congress

• Large Hadron Collider produces about 15 petabytes of data per year

• Google processes about 24 petabytes of data per day

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SUSTAINABILITY

• Research project lifecycle– Grant funding– Generally fixed term– Turnover

• “Rust never sleeps”– Infrastructure: support, replacement– Software: bugs, enhancements, re-writes– Technical staff

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SUSTAINABILITY

• Open = Free• Sustainability models

– In-kind & institutional support– Sponsors, donations– Revenue generation, e.g. ads– Value-added services and support

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OED DEFINITION OF PUBLISH

• To make public or generally known; to declare or report openly or publicly; to announce; (also) to propagate or disseminate (a creed or system).

• To make generally accessible or available for acceptance or use (a work of art, information, etc.); to present to or before the public; spec. to make public (news, research findings, etc.) through the medium of print or the Internet.

• Definition of Web Publishing

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The Scholarly Monograph

• Library monograph sales:– 1986-2004: 1% increase (51% for journals)– dropped from 2000 (1980s) to 200 (2000s)– 2 to 1 in 1969; 1 to 3 by 2003

• Ithaka Report (2007):University Publishing In A Digital Age– Print to digital transition– Commercial competition– Financial viability and institutional support

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The Scholarly Monograph

• AAUP Report (2011): Sustaining Scholarly Publishing: New Business Models for University Presses– Partnerships– Digital publishing– Open access– New business models

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NEW PUBLISHING MODELS

• Liquid Books“…a series of experimental digital ‘books’ published under the conditions of both

open editing and free content. As such, you are free to compose, rewrite, edit, annotate, translate, tag, add to, remix, reformat, reinvent and reuse any of the books in the series, or produce parallel versions of them - and what's more you are expressly invited and encouraged to do so.”

• Open Humanities Press“…the price of journal subscriptions has skyrocketed while humanities book lists

have dwindled. As a result, researchers at all but a few institutions are finding it increasingly difficult to get hold of the materials they need to participate in the scholarly dialogue. Open access (OA) publishing has sprung up in direct response to this crisis. The basic idea is simple: making peer-reviewed literature permanently available, free of charge and freely redistributable by taking advantage of the low cost and wide access of internet distribution.

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NEW PUBLISHING MODELS

• IPinCH: Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage

• Internet Shakespeare Editions• Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology,

and Pedagogy“…to publish scholarship that examines digital and multimodal composing practices,

promoting work that enacts its scholarly argument through rhetorical and innovative uses of new media.”

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PKP Software

• Low cost online publishing alternative• Open Source – LAMP; GPL License• Established software

– Open Journal Systems (OJS)– Open Conference Systems (OCS)– Open Harvester Systems (OHS)

• Software in development– PKP Web Application Library (WAL)– Open Monograph Press (OMP)

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OJS Installations

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OJS Journal Survey: March 2009

• 998 (36%) of 2748 OJS journals responded– Commercial publishers: 6%– Scholarly societies: 32%– Independent or scholar publisher: 62%

• Open Access policy: 83% (another 8% embargo OA)

• Average first copy cost: $188 (compare w.RLIN 2008 estimate of $1784)

OPEN MONOGRAPH PRESS

• Open source software platform; monographs, edited volumes, scholarly editions

• Publication workflow:– Submission– Internal and external review– Editing, cataloguing, production– Publication: online or print

• Press website with catalog, distribution, and sales capacities.

• Sept. 17, 2012 launch

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OMP Early Adopters

• Athabasca University Press• Open Humanities Press• Univ. of Windsor: Philosophy Dept. & Library• Univ. of Pittsburgh Library• University of Murcia (Spain) Publications

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OMP Pre-Publication or Incubation

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OMP Post-Production

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PKP’s Global Reach