tool marks and its forensic significance
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TOOL MARKS AND ITS FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE
TINA SResearch scholar
Department of Forensic SciencePunjabi university,Patiala
sharmatina1989@gmail.com
WHAT IS CRIME?
Legal concept i.e. breach of law All civilized societies have codified
penal codes what constitute crime. These penal codes have explained
punishment for particular crime.
Punishment should be delivered to culprit and innocent should be saved that’s why Criminal Investigations are done with help of forensic scientific methods to apprehend criminals.
What are tool marks
A tool mark is defined as the mark left by the forcible contact of any implement with a softer surface. The nature and quality of the tool mark can be determined by;
Relative hardness Magnitude of force applied Relative motion of one surface over the
other
Tool marks
Criminal often uses some sort of tools to commit crimes
Like: Entering a house Steeling electric wires Hit and run cases Removal of expensive parts from
vehicles
What questions expert need to answer?
Are the crime mark created by given tool?
Have the traces of the tool come from suspected surface
Tool marks sorted a crime
person A said he was just trying to frigten the victim by aiming a loaded gun. But person B gave a sword blow due to which shot was fired…….
What do u thing what can help in these kind of cases…..
What kind of TOOLS can be used?
Screw driver Ghost key master key Axe Saw Drill Shovel spade Crow bars Wire cutters
Marks of tool can be……
Indentations Scrapes Drilled holes Contact marks Static marks Sliding marks Striations
Evidence examination
PHOTOGRAPHY Two types of photographs are necessary for courtroom presentation as well as for investigative purposes.
1. Overall photos depicting the entire scene and the object which bears the toolmark.
2. Close-up photos showing the detail of the toolmark. These photos should contain a scale and are used for identification and orientation only.
Photos cannot be used for actual comparisons. Photographs should depict the physical location and arrangement of the door, window, etc. bearing the mark. These can reveal the direction of tool use and whether or not the tool is physically capable of making the mark. A scale/ ruler should be included in these photographs. The photos should be submitted, with the evidence, for examination.
Packing
Collect original article if possible If article cannot be collected prepare cast
Plastine Dentall mass Adhesive tape
Latex plastic solution Woods metal Plaster of paris
It should ensure Safty Multilation Contemination Scraping
Standards are to be prepared by the examiner
Test marks are prepared by varying angle from 15 degree
Comparison of tool marks
Mechanical fit Side by side matching Composite match Juxtaposition match Super imposition
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