tomorrow’s automobile
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8/9/2019 Tomorrow’s Automobile
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Tomorrow¶sAutomobile
A Look Inside 21st
Century AutomotiveTechnology
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What Is The Automobile¶s Future?
The purpose of my research was togain an understanding of the modern
automobile in an attempt to debatewhat its future may be.
I did this by using online and printsources to research a brief history of
the automobile, current automotiveinnovations, and the ideas which willhopefully define the 21st century.
The purpose of my research was togain an understanding of the modern
automobile in an attempt to debatewhat its future may be.
I did this by using online and printsources to research a brief history of
the automobile, current automotiveinnovations, and the ideas which willhopefully define the 21st century.
8/9/2019 Tomorrow’s Automobile
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This Presentation Explores:
Where the automobile currently stands in our society.
Future technologies which will help maximizeautomobile efficiency.
The impending oil crisis.
Alternative fuels being researched for massusage.
A peak into cars designs of the future.
Where the automobile currently stands in our society.
Future technologies which will help maximizeautomobile efficiency.
The impending oil crisis.
Alternative fuels being researched for massusage.
A peak into cars designs of the future.
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Cars are a big part of our world!
Roadways
World 32,345,165km 2002
United States 6,430,366km 2005
Automobile industry uses the most:Copper, glass, zinc, leather, plastic,
lead and platinum
Roadways
World 32,345,165km 2002
United States 6,430,366km 2005
Automobile industry uses the most:Copper, glass, zinc, leather, plastic,
lead and platinum
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Current Trend
Smaller, sleeker, lighter, quicker, more fuelefficient, and environmentally sounder
Smaller, sleeker, lighter, quicker, more fuelefficient, and environmentally sounder
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What Causes Fuel Consumption?
Inertia Weight
Rolling Resistance " Road Load
Aerodynamic Drag
Engine Consumption
Transmission Inefficiencies " System
Final Drive Ratio Efficiency Gear Ratio
Inertia Weight
Rolling Resistance " Road Load
Aerodynamic Drag
Engine Consumption
Transmission Inefficiencies " System
Final Drive Ratio Efficiency Gear Ratio
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Increasing System Efficiency
Forced InductionSuperchargers
Turbochargers Advanced Sensors and Electronics
Advanced Structures and Materials
Design and Manufacturing Processes
Kinetic Storage
Hydraulic Storage
Forced InductionSuperchargers
Turbochargers Advanced Sensors and Electronics
Advanced Structures and Materials
Design and Manufacturing Processes
Kinetic Storage
Hydraulic Storage
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The Turbocharger
30-40 percent power increase over NA
engines.Create Boost: combustion pressure higher than that of atmospheric pressure
Compression = Oxygen density
= combustibility = performance
30-40 percent power increase over NA
engines.Create Boost: combustion pressure higher than that of atmospheric pressure
Compression = Oxygen density
= combustibility = performance
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K inetic and Hydraulic Storage
Captures energy usually wasted andstores it as useable energy
Kinetic storageUses energy created by the rotation of the
Automobile¶s Flywheel
Hydraulic storageCaptures energy created when breaking
Captures energy usually wasted andstores it as useable energy
Kinetic storageUses energy created by the rotation of the
Automobile¶s Flywheel
Hydraulic storageCaptures energy created when breaking
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Transmission Efficiency
Variable Cam Timing and Engine Compression Adjusts valve timing to engine¶s specific speed and
load
Continuously Variable TransmissionWould ensure engine is always at its most efficient
gear ratio, eliminating need for gears
Variable Cam Timing and Engine Compression Adjusts valve timing to engine¶s specific speed and
load
Continuously Variable TransmissionWould ensure engine is always at its most efficient
gear ratio, eliminating need for gears
A sampleCVT
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How Much Gas Do We Really Use?
2000 world consumption75.6 million barrels of oil per day
Personal Transportation consumes about62% of the world¶s energy usage
Peacetime US military spendingpreserving oil supply is $10 - $20 billion ayear
By 2020:OIL DEMAND WILL SURPASS OIL SUPPLY
2000 world consumption75.6 million barrels of oil per day
Personal Transportation consumes about62% of the world¶s energy usage
Peacetime US military spendingpreserving oil supply is $10 - $20 billion ayear
By 2020:OIL DEMAND WILL SURPASS OIL SUPPLY
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Break ing the Habit
Short Range Diesel Engines Hybrid Engines
Fuel Additives Alcohols
Long Range Natural Gases
Electric Engines / Advanced Hybrids Hydrogen
Short Range Diesel Engines Hybrid Engines
Fuel Additives Alcohols
Long Range Natural Gases
Electric Engines / Advanced Hybrids Hydrogen
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The New Diesel
Diesel engines are not the earth-killersthey once wereCO2 emissions NOx emissions
Converting to ³Clean Diesel´ can yield a30-40% increase in gas mileageUses intensified diesel fuel
Hybrid Diesel Engines Adding an electric motor to a modern diesel
engine can result in mileage increases of up to70%
Diesel engines are not the earth-killersthey once wereCO2 emissions NOx emissions
Converting to ³Clean Diesel´ can yield a30-40% increase in gas mileageUses intensified diesel fuel
Hybrid Diesel Engines Adding an electric motor to a modern diesel
engine can result in mileage increases of up to70%
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Mercedes Benz¶s Clean Diesel GL 320
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Fuel Additives Ethanol
Renewable
MethanolCleaner fossil fuel
Can be mixed with normalgasoline Increased efficiency and lower
emissions
Ethanol
Renewable
MethanolCleaner fossil fuel
Can be mixed with normalgasoline Increased efficiency and lower
emissions
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GM¶s 85% Ethanol Chevrolet Avalanche
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The Hope of Electricity
Many cars currently use hybrid engines toincrease efficiency
Completely renewableMinimal emissions
Almost every style of automotive enginecan be combined to created a hybrid
engineBattery size needed makes using an
electric motor by itself impractical
Many cars currently use hybrid engines toincrease efficiency
Completely renewableMinimal emissions
Almost every style of automotive enginecan be combined to created a hybrid
engineBattery size needed makes using an
electric motor by itself impractical
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Some Electric VehiclesMany electric vehicles are very similar to current production
In designBut they are usually much lighter!
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The Power of Hydrogen
Reverse Hydrolysis H2 + 02 = 2H20 + energy (42 kJ / g)
1 Kg solid H2 = 1 gallon gasolineCosts 3$ last 2/3 as long
Can be stored in tanks called Fuel Cells
Liquid H2 must be stored at 20.4o
K (about -255o
C) Gaseous H2 can be compressed and stored easily
Liquid Hydrogen is a much more effective fuel
Reverse Hydrolysis H2 + 02 = 2H20 + energy (42 kJ / g)
1 Kg solid H2 = 1 gallon gasolineCosts 3$ last 2/3 as long
Can be stored in tanks called Fuel Cells
Liquid H2 must be stored at 20.4o
K (about -255o
C) Gaseous H2 can be compressed and stored easily
Liquid Hydrogen is a much more effective fuel
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The Reality of Hydrogen
Though it can be domestically produced quiteeasily« Pure Hydrogen is rare in nature
Must be ManufacturedSteam Reformation
Steam separates Hydrogen from natural gases Acid extraction
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Electrolysis Hydrogen engines can be mixed with almost all
current engine additions Turbochargers, energy converters, hybrid
technologies«.
Though it can be domestically produced quiteeasily« Pure Hydrogen is rare in nature
Must be ManufacturedSteam Reformation
Steam separates Hydrogen from natural gases Acid extraction
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Electrolysis Hydrogen engines can be mixed with almost all
current engine additions Turbochargers, energy converters, hybrid
technologies«.
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Fuel Source Energy Densities (kJ/g)
Gasoline 48.28
Diesel 45.72
Methanol 27.68
Ethanol 29.52
Hydrogen (l) 41.54
Hydrogen (g) 2.38
Propane 46.3
Butane 45.6Methane 5.44
Pb/lead battery .19
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Coming Soon
Alternatively fueled vehicles aided by theuse of hydraulic and kinetic storage,turbochargers, hybrid technology andpossibly fuel additives
W
ITH THE COMBINATION OF THIS
TECHNOLOGY, H2 ENGINES CAN ALREADYKEEP UP WITH GASOLINE ENGINES
Alternatively fueled vehicles aided by theuse of hydraulic and kinetic storage,turbochargers, hybrid technology andpossibly fuel additives
W
ITH THE COMBINATION OF THIS
TECHNOLOGY, H2 ENGINES CAN ALREADYKEEP UP WITH GASOLINE ENGINES
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Summary
The Modern automobile is a complex and vastpart of our society
With modern technology we can makeautomobiles extremely efficientWe must however find and implement a new
energy source within the next 15 years
The next generation of cars will combinenumerous technologies with renewable fuelbased engines to create super efficient,environmentally friendly automobiles
The Modern automobile is a complex and vastpart of our society
With modern technology we can makeautomobiles extremely efficientWe must however find and implement a new
energy source within the next 15 years
The next generation of cars will combinenumerous technologies with renewable fuelbased engines to create super efficient,environmentally friendly automobiles
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Alternative Cars and Automotive Designs
From the FutureHydrogen Powered Vehicles
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3-Wheelers
Handle better than 4-wheele automobiles
Lighter
Handle better than 4-wheele automobiles
Lighter
PontiacMonaro
BMW
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Narrow Lane Vehicles
Very light
Allow for increased traffic flow
Very light
Allow for increased traffic flow
GM Lean Machine 350lbs 120 MPG
Honda EP-X 1,300lbs
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