to. normal matter is composed of……. atoms differ in the number of “pieces” ( protons,...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Atoms differ in the number of “pieces” ( Protons, Neutrons and Electrons) that they have inside of
them.
matter that is made up of atoms…matter that is made up of atoms (or one atom) that have the same number of Protons in their nucleus.
Certain isotopes of elements are unstable, or radioactive.
(example: Carbon-14 and
Uranium-238)
These radioactive isotopes of elements allow us to do absolute-age dating!
A Compound is…..
A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.
A Mixture, on the other hand, is…
A substance made from two or more different elements that have not been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means
Elements by themselves are much
less common than Compounds, because they tend to combine
with each other to form Compounds.
A Mineral is a naturally occurring Inorganic Solid with a
definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
That means that…
•It can’t be organic in origin•It can’t be a liquid and..•It has to have a crystal structure
Lets put that in a list format.
1. Minerals are a naturally occurring substance.
2. Minerals are solids.
3. Minerals have a definite chemical composition.
4. The atoms that make up minerals are arranged in an orderly pattern (They form crystals).
5. Minerals are inorganic. (They were never alive.)
More than 90% of all of the minerals in the Earth’s Crust,
however, are made up of compounds containing Silicon
and Oxygen, the two most abundant elements on Earth.
And…..The percent composition of Silicate
Minerals in an igneous rock determine a lot of the characteristics of that rock and
the magma that formed it.
Different types of minerals crystallize at different
temperatures
Decreasing temperature
Mineral formation in a Magma Chamber
Bowen’s Reaction Series
2. Metamorphic Minerals:Some minerals occur as the
result of Recrystallisation and Reaction within existing rocks which produces new minerals
in response to changes in
and
How long does it take for minerals to form??
• Minerals in solution in water can form relatively quickly when the water evaporates.
• Minerals in magma can form as quickly as the magma/lava can crystallize (lava can cool in minutes, while magma can take thousands of years).
The orderly arrangement of ions, molecules, or atoms, in any
mineral determines the shape of its crystals.
Although there are thousands of different types of minerals, their crystals come in six basic types
of shapes
Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and
by performing simple tests to determine their physical properties
Only 30 of the 4,000 known minerals are common.
These 30 minerals are known as the rock-forming minerals
Most rock-forming minerals are…
The percent composition of Silicate minerals in a rock determines the type of rock it is.
Color is the most easily observed, but least reliable property of a mineral for identification.
This is because the color of many minerals varies with the kind of impurities in the mineral.
Streak is the color of the powder left on a streak plate when a mineral is rubbed on it.
Streak is much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.
Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces.
Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched.
The Mohs Hardness Scale is one of the most effective tool for identifying minerals.
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