thursday october 11, 2012 (review of the structure of the periodic table; ws – the periodic table)

ThursdayOctober 11, 2012

(Review of the Structure of the

Periodic Table; WS – The Periodic Table)

Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12

Which elements on the Periodic Table have specific names, and

what are those names?Group 1 (except hydrogen ) the Alkali Metals

Group 2 the Alkaline-Earth Metals

Groups 3-12 the Transition Metals

Group 17 the Halogens

Group 18 the Nobel Gases

Top row of the f-block The Lanthanides

Bottom row of the f-block The Actinides

Some elements have special namesAlkali metals

Alkaline-Earth metals

Transition metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12

How many valence electrons (electrons in the atom’s highest energy level) do the

main-block elements have?Group 1 1

Group 2 2

Group 13 3

Group 14 4

Group 15 5

Group 16 6

Group 17 7

Group 18 8

Number of Highest Energy Level

(Valence) Electrons (Main Blocks Only)

12 3 4 5 6 7

8

Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12

What are the oxidation states of the main-block elements?

Group 1 1+

Group 2 2+

Group 13 3+

Group 14 4+/-

Group 15 3-

Group 16 2-

Group 17 1-

Group 18 0

Oxidation State (Main Blocks Only)

1+

2+ 3+ 4+/- 3- 2- 1-

0

Announcements

Happy Autumn

Assignment Currently Open

Summative or

Formative?Date Issued Date Due Date Into

GradeSpeed Final Day

Project - History of Atomic Structure

ResearchS 1 & 2 9/27 10/5 10/11

QUIZ 5 S7 9/28 9/28 10/12

QUIZ 6 S3 10/5 10/5 10/19

The Modern Periodic Table

Today, the Periodic Table is an arrangement of the

elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar

properties fall in the same column, or group.

Periods and BlocksElements are arranged in vertical

columns, or groups, based upon similar chemical properties.

Elements are arranged in horizontal rows, or periods, based upon the energy level

of their outermost electrons.

There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the modern Periodic Table

Periods and BlocksHow to determine the PT position of a main-block element from its electron

configuration:Example) Chlorine (Cl)1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5

The highest main energy level that chlorine has electrons in is level 3, therefore

chlorine must be in period 3.Chlorine’s electron configuration notation

ends in p5 – the only group that does this is group 17.

Periods and Blockss-block metalsGroups 1 & 2

Group 1 – highly reactive alkali metalsGroup 2 – reactive alkaline-earth metals

also includes helium

These elements have only 1 or 2 electrons in their highest energy level, so they lose these electrons in order to become stable.

These elements usually bond ionically instead of covalently.

Periods and Blocksp-block elements

Groups 13 - 18, except He.

Composed of metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Together with s-block elements are called “main-block” elements.

Have anywhere from 3 to 8 electrons in highest energy level.

Periods and Blocks

HydrogenIs placed above group 1, but doesn’t share

properties with group 1 metals.Hydrogen is a non-metal with some unique

properties.

HeliumIs a Noble gas like groups 18 elements, but is

considered to be in the s-block b/c of its 2 electrons in highest energy level.

Like all Noble gases, helium is stable and non-reactive.

non-metal elements with some exceptions

Periods and Blocksd-block metals

The d-block begins to fill after the 4s sub-level.

These are the transition metals.

They are usually shiny and are good conductors of electricity and heat.

They are less reactive than the metals in groups 1 and 2.

Periods and Blocksp-block elements

Group 17 contains the halogens, which are highly reactive non-metals.

They have 7 electrons in their outer-most energy, which caused their reactivity.

The halogens react with metals to form salts.

Some are gases at room temperature, while others are solids or liquids.

MetalloidsBrittle solids that have intermediate

properties between metals and non-metals

The Noble GasesThe Nobel gases are found in

group 18.They all have a full compliment of

8 electrons in their outer-most energy level, which makes them

stable and non-reactive.They are all gases at room

temperature.

Periods and Blocksf - block metals

Lanthanides14 elements located in the upper

row of the f-blockThis row fits between Groups 3

and 4 in the 6th Period.These are shiny metals similar in

reactivity to Group 2.

Periods and Blocksf - block metals

Actinides

14 elements located in the lower row of the f-block

This row fits between Groups 3 and 4 in the 7th Period.

These metals are all radioactive.