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This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Automatic Weather
Station (AWS)
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
What is AWS?
•Integrated meteorological sensors•Automatic remote data acquisition•Collect weather information
What is Weather Information??
Introduction
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Weather InformationTemperature
Relative Humidity
Rainfall
Ultra Violet Index (UVI)
Solar Radiation
Wind Speed & Direction
Pressure
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
All Components of AWSISS (Integrated Sensors Station)
Anemometer
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
TemperatureTwo Thermometers in AWSUnit: Degree Celcius (oC)
Outdoor (ISS)
Indoor (Console)
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Outdoor Thermometer
Sensor board
Radiation shield
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Outdoor Thermometer
Inside radiation shield
Thermistor
Thermistor:Resistance varies with temperature
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Outdoor Thermometer
Radiation Shield
Why should it be installed in the radiation shield?
• Dry air Temperature• Prevent the direct solar
radiation• Good Ventilation
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Relative HumidityTwo Hygrometers in AWS
Represent in percentage (%)
Outdoor (ISS)
Indoor (Console)
Water vapor in air is saturated, no more water can be carried by air.
RH = 100% ?
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Outdoor HygrometerInside radiation shield (next to the
thermometer)Working Principle:
Measure the change in resistance or capacitance to evaluate change in humidity.
Hygrometer
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RainfallUnit: mm / inFunnel shape rain
collectorCollect rain dropsRain
collector
Hole
Used by HKO
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Rainfall
Bucket A collect raindrops
Bucket A heavy, fall and pour away rainwater +Bucket B rises and collect raindrops
Bucket B heavy, fall and pour away rainwater+Bucket A rises and collect raindrops
• 1 tip = 0.2 mm• Rainfall = tipping times x 0.2 mm
CycleCycle
A
B
AB
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Ultra Violet (UV) IndexWavelength(λ) for UVI:
295 to 325 nmAdjusted according to
the sensitivity of human skin (McKinlay-Diffey Erythema action spectrum)
No unitTypical value:
15 (highest record in HK)
Sensor
Bubble Level
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Solar RadiationPower of sunlight on
a surface - irradianceUnit:
Watt per meter square (Wm-2) - Power per unit area
Sensor
Bubble Level
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Solar and UV sensor
bubble level
Adjust the sensors until the bubble is at the centre of the black circle
Bubble Level• To ensure the sensor
is horizontal to the sea level
Why?
• Detect the non-directional radiation
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Wind Speed3 Wind Cups at Anemometer
Unit:
• Miles per hour (mph)• Kilometer per hour (km/h)• Meter per second (m/s)
Used by HKO
Wind vane
Anemometer
Wind cup
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How??• Wind cups catch
wind• Wind cups rotate
if wind speed high enough
• Higher frequency -> higher wind speed
Wind Speed
Wind
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Wind DirectionRecord the wind
directionWind vane points to
where the wind come from
Mounting bar must point to north when install
Expressions:degree (o)16 directions
(i.e, E, S, W, N, NE, SE, NW, SW, NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, NNW, WNW, SSW, WSW)
Wind vane
Mounting bar
Point North
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PressureBarometer in the consoleWorking principle:
Measure the resistance of thin film (薄膜 ) in piezoresistive (壓阻式 ) sensor exerted by the atmosphere
Unit: Millimeter of mercury (mmHg)Millibar (mbar)Hectopascal (hPa)
Pressure trend: important for weather forecastingUsed by HKO
Hecto = 100
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Sensor Interface ModuleCollect raw data from
all sensorsTransmit coded data
to the consoleMax range: 300m
Console
UVSUNRAINWINDTEMP& HUM
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ConsoleReceive and decode data
from sensor interface module
Display latest weather information
Transfer data to computer for:display and storagewebpage generation sending back to Co-WIN
database server
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Co-WIN websiteWebsite: http://weather.ap.polyu.edu.hk/ Co-developed by
HKO and PolyU AP
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Co-WIN websiteAWSs located at different school and
organization membersKeep sending data back every minute to Co-
WIN database server in the Department of Applied Physics, HKPolyU via internet
Provide latest weather information to the public
As a local weather reference complementary to weather stations of HKO
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Co-WIN website
Parameters in weather map:TemperatureMax/Min TemperatureRelative HumidityWind SpeedRainfallUV IndexSolar RadiationPressure
This work by Matthew Wong of Community Weather Information Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Co-WIN websiteView weather
data history from different location
Time series display
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Co-WIN websiteDownload
weather data history
Data exported in .csv format
MS Excel compatible
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Co-WIN websiteDevelopment
More weather information will be available soon
Release of new design with Google map
Integrate more functions for mobile learning
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END
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