the vapor intrusion pathway: regulatory updates · (web based version released 10/2014) 1....
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The Vapor Intrusion Pathway:
Regulatory Updates(& Time Permitting Other Musings)
Blayne Hartman Ph.D.
858-204-6170
www.hartmaneg.com
November 2015
Regulatory Topics
1. New EPA OSWER Guidance
2. New EPA OUST Sites (UST Sites)
3. Short Term TCE Exposure
Semi-Red Hot
1. ITRC PVI Guidance
2. Updated ASTM Phase 1 Standard
Red Hot
EPA Guidance Updates
EPA OSWER Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
• Sub-slab Att factor of 0.03 (3.3x increase in SLs)
• Technical Guidance – Not Regulation
http://www.epa.gov/oswer/vaporintrusion
EPA OSWER Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
• Multiple lines of evidence (more expense & chances to fail)
• Preference for soil gas near source (terrible for HCs!)
• Longer indoor air sampling period (terrible for HCs!)
• Fixed Att factor of 0.03 for shallow SG (~15x drop in SLs)
• Sampling protocols inconsistent with EPA-ORD studies!!
EPA OSWER Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
– Poorly organized
– Confusing writing style
– Paragraphs fragmented with references and footnotes
– Verbose and repetitive
Will Complicate VI Assessments
• Applies to non-UST Petroleum Sites
• Claim Jurisdiction to Businesses!!
• Very Difficult to Read
EPA OUST Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
• Exclusion Criteria for GW & Soil!!
• Concise. Organization Good
• Near-Slab Soil Gas Data OK
• Discusses Models with Bioattenuation
Must Have “Clean Soil”
Definition of “Clean” Soil
• Soil Phase TPH (<100 mg/kg)
• Oxygen in Vadose Zone (EPA: 1%, CA: 4%)
• Soil Headspace PID Data (<100 ppmv)
Typically one of:
States Adopting Exclusion Criteria
• CA
• NJ
• AK
• IN
• LA
• VT
• MI
• WI
• IL
ITRC PVI Guidance
EPA OUST Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
• Lateral Exclusion Distances Diff Than Vertical
• No Screening Levels for Soil Gas
– Calculate from Att Factor
• Can’t Use Biomodels As An Exit
EPA OUST Guidance(Release Date: June 2015)
– Section 12 says ok to use 3-D model output
– Section 13 says models not to be used as sole LOEWill Reduce # of PVI Sites
• Attenuation Factor Text is Contradictory
• EDB– Screening levels of GW 0.18 ug/L & SG 0.16 ug/m3!!!
Allowable Benzene in GW 1e-6 cancer risk level
• New OSWER Guidance GW SL:
0.31 ug/m3/0.001 = 0.31 ug/L/0.2 = ~1.5 ug/L
• EPA-OUST Exclusion Value: 5,000 ug/L
OSWER ~3330 times lower than OUST!!
OSWER has Jurisdiction over other Petroleum Sites
Soil Gas Allowed LevelsBenzene, Residential Receptor, 1e-6 Risk
RBSL (ug/m3)
EPA OSWER Sub-Slab 10.3
EPA OSWER @ 5’ 10.3
EPA OSWER @>15’ 31
EPA OUST (from GW) 1,000,000
CA Low-Risk Policy: O2>4% 85,000
OSWER ~100,000 times lower than OUST!!
Topic #1:
ITRC PVI Document
Semi-
ITRC PVI GUIDANCE(Web Based Version Released 10/2014)
1. Introduction
2. Site Screening and Prioritization
3. Investigative Framework for PVI Sites
4. Use of Models
5. Mitigation
Appendix: Toolbox – Update of 2007 Toolbox
Web & Classroom Training: 2015
Toolbox – Appendix G
Investigation Methods & Analysis
• What Type of Samples to Collect?
– Table G-6. Pros and Cons of Various
Investigative Strategies
• Proper Sampling Methods
– GW, IA, Soil Gas, Other
• Misc Forms & Check Lists
Includes videos, step-by-step instructions, list of analysis methods and more………
Topic #2:
New ASTM Phase I Standard
Semi-
Newest ASTM Phase 1 Standard
• Vapor “Migration” Now A VEC
• Long Distances: Cl-HC:1728’, PHC: 528’
• Use Applicable Screening Values
• VI Pathway Unlikely to be Closed
Result: More VI Assessments Needed
And This Means:
OH 9-07 20
Liability Concerns
• Phase I Environmental Consultant
• Prospective/Current Property Owner
• Property Lender
• Property Insurer
What Will be the Impact on Real Estate Transactions?
VI Assessment Issues
1. Long Term Indoor Air Samples
2. Depressurization of Buildings
3. Indoor Air Snapshots for Cl-VOCs
4. Is Sub-Slab Sampling Useful?
5. How to Measure TCE Every 10 Minutes
VI Regulatory Topic #3:
Short Term TCE Exposure
New Region 9 TCE Guidelines(As of July 2014)
• Short Term TCE (Fetal Malformation)
– Above 2 ug/m3 in 3 week period of 1st trimester
– Covers Pregnant & Potentially Pregnant Employees!!
• Prompt Response Action Level (within 30 days!)
– Residential: 2 ug/m3
– Commercial: 7 - 8 ug/m3
Exposure Time: 24 Hours or 21 Days?
VI Assessment Point #5
Short-Term TCE Sampling
• Passive Collectors Every 21 Days
– 17 times/yr ~ $10,000 for 1 location
– Correct exposure time for businesses/schools?
• Continuous Analyzers
Hapsite GC/MS
Frog4000
GC/PIDGC-ECD
Continuous Monitoring Devices
Not Stable
Expensive ($125K)
Non-Selective
~$25K
Seacoast Sensors
Years Away
Not Sensitive
System Capability
• Fully Quantitative!
• Can Reach Ultra-Low Levels (<1 ug/m3)
<10 min Analysis Time for TCE & PCE
• 150 – 200 Analyses per day
• Multiple Sample Locations (10 to 30)
• Operating Costs: Power plus N2 (<$15/mo)
• Data Downloaded via Ethernet, Wifi, Cell
• Auto-Alerting Using Groundswell Software
Hartman Continuous Monitoring System
Sample Inlets12” High
Monitoring/Response Dashboard
Venting Schedule
(Optional)
Recent Data 8-Hr Ave 21-Day Ave
Audit Standard PE Standard
Copyright © 2015 Groundswell
Technologies Confidential
Auto-Alerting
Copyright © 2015 Groundswell
Technologies Confidential
0
0.5
1
1.5
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Co
nc
(ug
/m
3)
Run Number
PCE - 420 1st Floor Air
PCE
Chronic “Facts”
12/2012 3/20131/2013 2/2013
% of time above 0.5 ug/m3: ~ 6%
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
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3.5
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Co
nc
(ug
/m
3)
Run Number
PCE - 420 1st Floor Air
PCE
Short-Term “Facts"
12/2012 3/20131/2013 2/2013
~24 hours
% of time above 2 ug/m3: 8/612 = 1.3%
21 days
Office Area – Location 16
-10.00
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PC
E (u
g/m
3)
run #
Location 16 - SRI GC Room
PCE
Sept 30
April 1
Sept 25
Warehouse – Location 5
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
TCE
(ug/
m3
)
run #
Location 5
TCE
Sept 25
April 1
Warehouse TCE vs PCE
0.0
2000.0
4000.0
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14000.0
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18000.0
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xxxx
Warehouse IA – TCE (ug/m3)
Apr 9 Sept 12 Oct 2
Shop Air – PCE – June 2014
0
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PC
E C
on
cen
trat
ion
(ug
/m3
) an
d T
em
pe
ratu
re (d
egr
ees
Ce
lciu
s)
Sample Date/Time
Office Area (P2)
PCE
PCE IA Data from First 24 hours
14 Days of IA Data – June 2014
0
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1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 301 321 341 361 381 401 421 441 461 481 501 521 541 561 581
ug
/m3
Run #
Office Area (P2)
PCE
14 Day Average: ~15 ug/m3
Average During Workday: ~5 ug/m3
10 ug/m3
Shop Air – PCE – February 2015
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
PC
E (
ug
/m3
)
Run #
PCE - Production Area - North (P4)
Series4
55 ug/m3
10 ug/m3
Shop Air – TCE – February 2015
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
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500.0
600.0
700.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TC
E (
ug
/m3
)
Run #
TCE - Production Area - South (P3)
14 Day Sample Result: >80 ug/m3
You’d Never Know When the Hits Occurred
100 ug/m3
TCE vs PCE
0.0
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TC
E (
ug
/m3
)
PCE (ug/m3)
TCE vs PCE - Production Area - South (P3)
High TCE, no PCE
High PCE, no TCE
TCE 15-20%
Upcoming VI Events
• 2-Day VI Courses 2016– New England – Tentatively Early April
– Wisconsin?
– California: Northern & Southern
– Texas: Dallas? Austin? Houston?
• AEHS VI Conference – San Diego March 2016
• Battelle Cl Conference – Palm Springs, May 2016
Blayne Hartman, Ph.D.blayne@hartmaneg.com
www.hartmaneg.com
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