the u.s. and world war one, 1914-1918
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THE U.S. AND WORLD WAR ONE, 1914-1918
HIST 202 - HESEN
Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
Remember MAIN!
Alliance Systems Triple
Alliance/Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy…until 1915
Triple Entente/Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy…in 1915 U.S….in 1917
Balkan Powder Keg Problems in Serbia
Austria-Hungary governs
One of the smallest European countries
Black Hand Gavrilo Princip June 28, 1914 –
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
American Neutrality U.S. traded with all
Allied countries 1915 – British
blockade Germany Effects:
U.S. can’t trade with Germany
German enters famine Germany blames
Great Britain and U.S.
Submarine Warfare Response from
Germany – “Eliminate the blockade”
Targeted merchant and military vessels
Lusitania – May 7, 1915 128 Americans died
Sussex – March 1916 Sussex Pledge – sink
with warnings only
Economic Links with Allies
Tied chiefly to Great Britain and France
U.S. makes war supplies – sends to Allied Powers
Blame blockade for not trading with Germany
1914-1917 – trade with Great Britain and France quadrupled
Reminders Riis back on Tuesday Check website – totally
updated with study guide, notes, and Matsuda
Matsuda due on October 25th hard copy (if at all possible....please....) Also review session that
night Exam #2 – October 30th
Public Opinion Americans favored
Britain and France Germany – “bully
of Europe” Reinforced with
Lusitania
Loans – J.P. Morgan
Ethnic Influences Second generation
immigrants in U.S. Make-up 30% of
population Sympathizers
Germans – “homeland”
Irish – hates British Russians – great
protectors
The War Debate Eastern Republicans
wanted WAR!!! – T.R. U.S. wasn’t ready 1915 – National Security
League met to discuss options
1916 – Congress passed National Defense Act Increased regular Army to
175,000 Build upwards of 50 war
ships
Opposition to the War Mostly from the
Midwest and West Scared that U.S.
would get involved Progressives Populists Socialists Pacifists
Reminders Riis due by midnight
WWI – finish Lost Battalion continue
Begin Matsuda – assignment online
March 26th – Exam #2 guides out (Foreign Diplomacy to 1920s)
NO CLASS WEDNESDAY!
!
HAPPY SPRING BREAK!!!!
Going to War Major U.S. causes:
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman Telegram
Russian Revolution
Declaration of War – April 2, 1917
U.S. Mobilization Committee on
Public Information Food
Administration Fuel Administration National War Labor
Board War Industries
Board
Public Opinion and Civil Liberties
Espionage and Sedition Acts Prohibited disloyal
speech Applied to all Allied
Powers Imprisonment –
2,000 Schenck v. U.S. -
1919
Armed Forces Selective Service
Act June 1917 2.8 million men put
into lottery Made up half of the
fighting force African-Americans
400,000 served in segregated units
W.E.B. DuBois
Effects on American Society
MORE JOBS!! Men leave --- factory
jobs taken by women
Men leave cities – migrants move North from South
Fighting the War U.S. Navy
Convoy system Offered protection
for European-bound ships
900,000 tons of shipping
American Expeditionary Force (AEF) Gen. John J. Pershing
Fighting “Over There” Conditions
Trench warfare Trench foot Chemical warfare Shell shock
Affected Allied and Central Powers ***
World War I Ends War ends
November 11, 1918
Hailed as a major Allied victory 116,000 U.S. troops
killed 5 million Russians
dead
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