the “true” exceptions and dan the dreadful declarant
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The “True” Exceptions
andDan the Dreadful
Declarant
Unrestricted Exceptions
(First Group)
Four Related Exceptions
• Present Sense Impressions
• Excited Utterances
• Statements of Existing Mental, Physical or Emotional Condition
• Statements for Purpose of Medical Diagnosis or Treatment
Problem 31
Do Problem 31
Contrast 803(1) With 803(2)
Statement must an
event or condition. The event or condition
Must be . The
Statement must be made while the
declarant is
803(1)
803(2)
803(1)
803(2)
or 803(1)
803(2)
803(1): Present Sense Impressions – Elements
• Elements
–Statement describing
• Event, or
• Condition
–Made
• While observing, or
• Immediately thereafter
803(1): Present Sense Impressions – Problem Areas
• Problem areas:
–How soon is immediately?
–Contrast between
• “Describing. . .”
• “Relating to. . .”
803(2): Excited Utterances – Elements
• Elements–Statement relating to a startling
• Event, or• Condition
–Made while• Still under stress
–Made by• Declarant with personal knowledge
803(2): Excited Utterances – Problem Areas
• Problem Areas:
–“Relating to. . .”
–How does one prove “startlingness”?
–How long is one “still under stress”?
Problem 32
Do Problem 32
803(3) – Mental, Emotional or Physical Condition -- Elements
• Elements
–Statement of declarant’s
• State of mind
• Emotion
• Sensation
• Physical condition
–Made at the time
803(3): Mental, Emotional or Physical Condition – Exceptions
• Proponent may not use
–Declarant’s statement that he
• Remembered something,” or
• Believed something
–To prove that the “fact” declarant “remembered” or “believed” was true
803(3): Mental, Emotional or Physical Condition – Problem Areas
•Hillmon
•Wills
Statements Regarding Wills:An Exception to an Exception to an
Exception • You can’t use hearsay• But you can use hearsay to show
state of mind• But you can’t use state of mind
(memory) to prove thing remembered.
• But you can if it relates to execution, revocation, terms or identity of declarants’ will
There is an easier way
Hearsay is admissible if it relates to
execution, revocation, terms or identity of
declarants’ will
Hillmon Problem
Jury
I intend to go to Chicago
I really do intend to
go to Chicago
Since , intended to go, it is SML that he went
People who say they have a
mental state are SML to have it
I intend to go to KC
He went to KC
He actually intended to
go to KC
People who intend to do
something are SML to do it
OK Under Hillmon
People who say they have a
mental state are SML to have it
I believe I went to KC
He went to KC
He believes he went to
KC
If someone believes
something, it is SML to be true
No! Belief to prove fact believed.
People who say they have a
mental state are SML to have it
I remember going to KC
He went to KC
He has a memory of going to KC
If someone remembers
something, it is SML to have
happened
No! Memory to prove fact
remembered.
Hillmon Doctrine
• Declarant’s out of court statement of
–Present intent
–To do future act
• Can be used to prove
–Doing of future act
•By declarant
•Maybe by joint actor
Compare the following:
• I am going to KC with my briefcase• I am going to KC with my dog• I am going to KC with my 3 yr old• I am going to KC with my 16 yr old• I am going to KC with Fred (an adult)• I’m meeting Fred in KC• F & I are playing bridge in KC tomorrow• F & I are going to KC tomorrow on TWA Flight
100 (to prove Flight 100 went)
Dead Dan
Dead Dan 1
I was talking to Dan on the phone and suddenly he said
Jury
Oh my God, John is
pointing a gun at me!
Dead Dan 2
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
Excuse me for a
second. John just came in
Dead Dan 3
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
I’m worried. Five minutes
ago, John threatened me
with a gun.
Dead Dan 4
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
John is coming over
here this afternoon.
Drowned Dan
Drowned Dan 1
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
I’m going to John’s
house this afternoon
Drowned Dan 2
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
I’m going for a walk with John this afternoon
Drowned Dan 3
I was talking to Dan on the phone and he said
Jury
I’m going for a walk with John by the
river this afternoon
Problem 33
Do Problem 33
Problem 34
Do Problem 34
803(4) – Statements for Medical Diagnosis or Treatment
Three Elements
• Purpose of the statement
• Subject Matter of the statement
• Pertinence of the statement
803(4) – Medical Diagnosis or Treatment
Statement must be for the purpose of
Statement must describe
Statement will be admissible only if it is
or
or
803(4) – Medical Diagnosis or Treatment
Statement must be for the purpose of
Statement must describe
Statement will be admissible only if it is
Medical treatmentDiagnosis
(Testifying Dr)
Present or past symptoms Medical History
Inception, general cause, external source
Reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment
or
or
Patricia sues Dan alleging leg injury only
At Patricia’s lawyer’s request, I examined her to determine the extent of her injuries:
Patricia told me her leg hurt terribly.Patricia told me her head hurt terribly.Patricia told me Dan hit her with a baseball bat.Patricia told me she had had three abortionsPatricia told me she used to have a drug abuse problem.Patricia told me she currently has a drug abuse problem.
Problem 35
Do Problem 35
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