the roles and responsibilities of engineers towards implementing sustainable development ·...

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The Roles and Responsibilities The Roles and Responsibilities of Engineers Towards of Engineers Towards

Implementing Sustainable Implementing Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

Heather J. CruickshankHeather J. CruickshankCambridge University Engineering Department Cambridge University Engineering Department

Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentCentre for Sustainable Development

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Background to ResearchBackground to Research

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DevelopmentDevelopment

!!What development isWhat development is!!How development happensHow development happens!!Where development has happenedWhere development has happened!!Triggers for developmentTriggers for development!!Who development benefitsWho development benefits!!Timing of developmentTiming of development

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Water and Sustainable Water and Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

!!Dublin PrinciplesDublin Principles"" International Conference on Water and the Environment, International Conference on Water and the Environment,

Dublin 1992Dublin 1992

!!Agenda 21 Chapter 18Agenda 21 Chapter 18""UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de

Janeiro, 1992Janeiro, 1992

!!Millennium Development GoalsMillennium Development Goals""UN Millennium Summit, 2000UN Millennium Summit, 2000

!!WSSD Key CommitmentsWSSD Key Commitments""UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, UN World Summit on Sustainable Development,

Johannesburg, 2002Johannesburg, 2002

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Case StudiesCase Studies

!!Albania Albania ""OxfamOxfam

!!South Africa South Africa ""Kumba Kumba ResourcesResources

!!Nepal Nepal ""WaterAid & NEWAHWaterAid & NEWAH

!!Afghanistan Afghanistan ""ConcernConcern

KUMBAKUMBAKUMBAKUMBARESOURCES

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HDI TrendsHDI Trends

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

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0.9

1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2001

HDI

UK Albania South Africa Nepal Afghanistan*

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InterviewsInterviews

!!RecipientsRecipients!!Field StaffField Staff!!GovernmentGovernment!!OrganisationOrganisation

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Key CriteriaKey Criteria

1.1. Is sustainableIs sustainable2.2. Meets a needMeets a need3.3. Is culturally appropriateIs culturally appropriate4.4. Is appropriately affordableIs appropriately affordable5.5. Does not unreasonably consume resourcesDoes not unreasonably consume resources6.6. Is not excessively damagingIs not excessively damaging7.7. Promotes equityPromotes equity8.8. Allows future developmentAllows future development

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Is sustainable Is sustainable –– Albania Albania

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Is sustainable Is sustainable –– Albania Albania

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Meets a need Meets a need –– Nepal Nepal

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Meets a need Meets a need –– Afghanistan Afghanistan

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Is culturally appropriate Is culturally appropriate –– South South Africa Africa

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Is culturally appropriate Is culturally appropriate ––Afghanistan Afghanistan

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Is appropriately affordable Is appropriately affordable ––Albania Albania

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Is appropriately affordable Is appropriately affordable ––Nepal Nepal

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Does not unreasonably consume Does not unreasonably consume resources resources –– Albania Albania

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Does not unreasonably consume Does not unreasonably consume resources resources -- AfghanistanAfghanistan

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Is not excessively damaging Is not excessively damaging ––Albania Albania

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Promotes equity Promotes equity –– Nepal Nepal

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Allows future development Allows future development ––South Africa South Africa

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Allows future development Allows future development ––Nepal Nepal

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Allows future development Allows future development --AfghanistanAfghanistan

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Evolution of IdeasEvolution of Ideas

Cycle 1Planning

Cycle 2Testing

Cycle 3Conclusions

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 MethodologyMethodology

Chapter 5 Chapter 5 DataData

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Testing & Testing & AnalysisAnalysis

Chapter 7 Chapter 7 ReflectionReflection

Chapter 8 Chapter 8 ConclusionsConclusions

Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Further workFurther work

AppendicesAppendices

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 BackgroundBackground

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 IntroductionIntroduction

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 ContextContext

ReferencesReferences

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Knowledge TransferKnowledge Transfer

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

Key Criteria

Brief:

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Enabling Mechanisms for Enabling Mechanisms for EngineersEngineers

!!EducationEducation!!Academic InstitutionsAcademic Institutions!!TrainingTraining!!EmployersEmployers!!Professional InstitutionsProfessional Institutions

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General ConclusionsGeneral Conclusions

!!Broader considerationsBroader considerations!!TradeTrade--offsoffs!!Sustaining developmentSustaining development!!Addressing the big issuesAddressing the big issues!!Personal involvementsPersonal involvements

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RecommendationsRecommendations

!!Process is as important as outputProcess is as important as output!!Continuous consultation is essentialContinuous consultation is essential!!Engineers require specific education Engineers require specific education

and trainingand training!!Technology choice has a major impactTechnology choice has a major impact