the role of motion cues in simulation testing
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The Role of Motion Cues in The Role of Motion Cues in Simulation TestingSimulation Testing
Gregory DavisFHWA Office of Safety RD&T
FHWA Highway Driving FHWA Highway Driving SimulatorSimulator
Saturn SL1 Car Saturn SL1 Car CabCab
240 Degree 240 Degree Cylindrical Cylindrical Projection Projection ScreenScreen
3-DOF 3-DOF Electrical Servo Electrical Servo Motion BaseMotion Base
HDS UpgradeHDS Upgrade Current Upgrade of System Hardware Current Upgrade of System Hardware
and Software is in Progressand Software is in Progress SGI Onyx Infinite Reality has been SGI Onyx Infinite Reality has been
replaced with Dell PCsreplaced with Dell PCs One ElectroHome Projector replaced One ElectroHome Projector replaced
with 3 Barco Projectorswith 3 Barco Projectors Complete upgrade will total 5 Barcos Complete upgrade will total 5 Barcos
for 240 Degree Field of View (’05) for 240 Degree Field of View (’05)
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware 5 Dell 5 Dell
workstations will workstations will be used to drive be used to drive each projectoreach projector
Dell PCs use Dell PCs use Quadro NVIDIA Quadro NVIDIA FX 3000G FX 3000G Graphics CardsGraphics Cards
Low Cost with Low Cost with High Frame RateHigh Frame Rate
ProjectorsProjectors 3 Barco 909 3 Barco 909
Projectors now in Projectors now in placeplace
Mounted above Car Mounted above Car Cab on Circular Cab on Circular Gantry FrameGantry Frame
Ability to deliver Ability to deliver 2048 x 1536 2048 x 1536 ResolutionResolution
Motion BaseMotion Base 3 Electrical Servo 3 Electrical Servo
MotorsMotors Capable of Pitch, Capable of Pitch,
Roll, and HeaveRoll, and Heave +/- 8 degrees for +/- 8 degrees for
Pitch and Roll Pitch and Roll each, 5 degrees each, 5 degrees combinedcombined
Heave 2.5 inches Heave 2.5 inches at about 2-3 hzat about 2-3 hz
Crossbow Inertia Crossbow Inertia GyroscopeGyroscope
Vehicle Dynamics ModelVehicle Dynamics Model 6 DOF Equations (although capable of only 3)6 DOF Equations (although capable of only 3) Simplified model of 4 speed Auto Simplified model of 4 speed Auto
TransmissionTransmission Tire Skid Limits on side force and braking Tire Skid Limits on side force and braking
forceforce Steering wheel disturbances (force feedback)Steering wheel disturbances (force feedback) Motion Base ControlMotion Base Control Roadway Surface ConditionsRoadway Surface Conditions
Issues and Questions?Issues and Questions?Which types of experiments require Which types of experiments require
motion based cues?motion based cues? Studies on Braking? Reaction Studies on Braking? Reaction
Time=maybe not. Brake force=yes.Time=maybe not. Brake force=yes. Studies on lane keeping-speed = yesStudies on lane keeping-speed = yes Studies on roadway design or sign Studies on roadway design or sign
comprehension = maybe, depends comprehension = maybe, depends on experimental designon experimental design
If motion cues are required, how much If motion cues are required, how much motion is needed to achieve the desired motion is needed to achieve the desired effect?effect?
Which method of motion is more conducive Which method of motion is more conducive to achieving accurate and reliable results in to achieving accurate and reliable results in a simulator, the traditional method or the a simulator, the traditional method or the vector substitution method? (e.g. tilting the vector substitution method? (e.g. tilting the car cab down {traditional} or up {vector car cab down {traditional} or up {vector substitution} during vehicle brakingsubstitution} during vehicle braking
Does the appropriate motion contribute to Does the appropriate motion contribute to or mitigate motion sickness?or mitigate motion sickness?
……And More Questions?And More Questions?
FinallyFinally
Do we need standards for motion Do we need standards for motion cues?cues?
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsSpecial Thanks to:Special Thanks to:
Jason Williams (AAI Eng.)Jason Williams (AAI Eng.)John Molino (SAIC)John Molino (SAIC)
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