the roaring 20’s - wake county public school system 1920 legacy of ... popular fads grabbed the...
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The Roaring 20rsquosAn era of prosperity
Republican power
Republican Power President Harding
Elected 1920
Legacy of
corruption like the
ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bribery scandal and
reduced taxes on
businesses
Died in office 1923
By the 1920s the US had become the leading
industrial power in the world This boom was due to
several factors
A a wealth of natural resources
B government support for business
C a growing urban population for cheap
labor and markets for new products
16th Amendment passes in 1913 begins
Individual and Corporate Income Taxes
Today we pay our taxes to the Federal and
State governments no later than April 15th
Taxes are reduced under Presidents Harding and
Coolidge
World War I left much of the American
public divided The end of the war hurt
the economy Returning soldiers took
jobs away from many women and
minorities or faced unemployment
themselves Many Americans wanted to
reduce the number of immigrants
arriving in the US
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Republican Power President Harding
Elected 1920
Legacy of
corruption like the
ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bribery scandal and
reduced taxes on
businesses
Died in office 1923
By the 1920s the US had become the leading
industrial power in the world This boom was due to
several factors
A a wealth of natural resources
B government support for business
C a growing urban population for cheap
labor and markets for new products
16th Amendment passes in 1913 begins
Individual and Corporate Income Taxes
Today we pay our taxes to the Federal and
State governments no later than April 15th
Taxes are reduced under Presidents Harding and
Coolidge
World War I left much of the American
public divided The end of the war hurt
the economy Returning soldiers took
jobs away from many women and
minorities or faced unemployment
themselves Many Americans wanted to
reduce the number of immigrants
arriving in the US
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
By the 1920s the US had become the leading
industrial power in the world This boom was due to
several factors
A a wealth of natural resources
B government support for business
C a growing urban population for cheap
labor and markets for new products
16th Amendment passes in 1913 begins
Individual and Corporate Income Taxes
Today we pay our taxes to the Federal and
State governments no later than April 15th
Taxes are reduced under Presidents Harding and
Coolidge
World War I left much of the American
public divided The end of the war hurt
the economy Returning soldiers took
jobs away from many women and
minorities or faced unemployment
themselves Many Americans wanted to
reduce the number of immigrants
arriving in the US
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
16th Amendment passes in 1913 begins
Individual and Corporate Income Taxes
Today we pay our taxes to the Federal and
State governments no later than April 15th
Taxes are reduced under Presidents Harding and
Coolidge
World War I left much of the American
public divided The end of the war hurt
the economy Returning soldiers took
jobs away from many women and
minorities or faced unemployment
themselves Many Americans wanted to
reduce the number of immigrants
arriving in the US
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
World War I left much of the American
public divided The end of the war hurt
the economy Returning soldiers took
jobs away from many women and
minorities or faced unemployment
themselves Many Americans wanted to
reduce the number of immigrants
arriving in the US
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The 1921 Quota Act and the 1924 Immigration
Act reflected US nativism They greatly
reduced the numbers of new Americans as
people became suspicious of foreigners and
wanted to pull away from world affairs
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is business The man who
builds a factory builds a temple The man who works
in it worships thererdquo
1923-29 The political genius of President Coolidge
Walter Lippmann pointed out in 1926 was
his talent for effectively doing nothing
This active inactivity suits the mood and
certain of the needs of the country
admirably It suits all the business interests
which want to be let alone
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Presidents Harding and Coolidge reduce the Progressivesrsquo
regulations of businesses America switches from war
goods to consumer goods and advertising to sell products
Instalment Buying Get it now and pay later
Credit pay a small amount each month until an item is
paid for
Interest financial charge for borrowing $
Demand for US goods greatly increases but so does
American debt
ldquoIf we want anything all we have to do is go and buy it
on credit So that leaves us without any economic problems
whatever except some day to have to pay for it But we are
certainly not thinking about it this earlyrdquo Comedian Will
Rogers 1928
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
1920s Soaring Stock Market Companies sell stocks to gain the money they
need to expand their business Investors buy
the stocks and hope the value of them will
increase
The 1920s were a Bull Market where stock
prices rose rapidly Often the price rose not
because the company was improving but
simply because investors expected the price to
rise Investors became rich overnight buying
stocks and selling them for more not long
afterwards As long as prices continued to rise
all was well
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The 1920s is a period of great change in American Society -
modern America is born at this time with many people enjoying
a much higher standard of living
For first time the census (population count every 10 years)
reflected an urban society ndash over 50 of the US population lived
in cities
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
1920s Great Changes for Women 1920 - 19th Amendment
gave them the federal vote
The League of Women Voters worked to educate women on voting and to ensure women could serve on juries
During WWI many women worked in factories
After the war many women kept working outside the home
More women went to college and wanted to join the professions
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Women didnt want to sacrifice their wartime gains in income and life outside of the home - amounted to a social revolt
the FLAPPER became the name for new womanrdquo who wore skirts that only went to the knee smoke cigarettes and drank alcohol in public drove cars fast and cut their hair short
With income from working women bought appliances like vacuum cleaners refrigerators and radios
Some women had to work and also run their homes It was hard for them to combine these roles While many women worked most remained homemakers
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Consumer Economy
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Age of Prosperity Employment and wagessalaries
are strong in the 1920s as the economy expands
Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to factories ndash reduces costs and increases supply so the price goes down and more Americans can afford a car
Assembly lines and mass production spread throughout the US economy
In 1919 there are 7 million cars in the US but by 1929 there are 23 million on the road creating an estimated 4 million new jobs
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Age of Prosperity The car transforms the US economy
Competition increases as General Motors manufactures cars and Ford does not have a monopoly
New jobs are needed to keep up with the demand for refining oil into gasoline gas stations building roads restaurants and shopping centers
People move from the crowded cities to the suburbs further away from work because they can drive there
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosltltlt Radio GE Westinghouseamp
RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
gtgtgtgt
Charlie
Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The Jazz Age
Jazz began in New Orleans based
on West African rhythms Black
spirituals and work songs and
European harmonies Greats
included Louis Armstrong and
Duke Ellington Eventually rock
and roll plus hip hop will develop
from it
Americans bought radios and
went to the movies Popular fads
grabbed the nationrsquos attention
like flag-pole sitting (21 days was
the record) and then disappeared
The Charleston dance became
another fad
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
America was becoming more prosperous
Business and industry required a more
educated work force These two factors
caused a huge increase in the number of
students going to high school The nationrsquos
schools were successful in teaching large
numbers of Americans and immigrants to
read As a result of increased literacy more
people read newspapers than before
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Charles A Lindbergh thrilled the nation by
becoming the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh took off from New
York City in his plane The Spirit of St Louis
On May 20-21 1927 he flew for 33 hours and
landed outside of Paris France On his return
to the United States Lindbergh became the
idol of America In an age of sensationalism
and excess Lindbergh stood for the honesty
and bravery the nation seemed to have lost
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Charles Lindbergh
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The ldquoRoaring TwentiesrdquoOld Culture New Culture
Emphasized Production Emphasized Consumption
Character Personality
Scarcity Abundunce
Religion Science
Idealized the Past Looked to the Future
Local Culture Mass Culture
Substance Image
The above graph indicates in a general sense what historians mean when they refer to the old and the new cultures of the 1920s This list is not meant to be definitive Source Culture as History The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York Pantheon Books 1984)
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In power across the US not just the South Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
During the 1920s the nation saw the
rise of Christian fundamentalism
This religious movement was based
on the belief that everything written
in the Bible was literally true
Fundamentalists were concerned with
the growing trust in science that most
Americans had These beliefs led
fundamentalists to reject Charles
Darwinrsquos theory of evolution (natural
selection)
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in schools In 1925
Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach it John Scopes
a young biology teacher challenged the law and taught it He was
arrested and his case went to trial The ACLU hired Clarence
Darrow the most famous trial lawyer in the nation to defend
Scopes William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor Scopes was
guilty because he broke the law But the trial was really about
evolution and about religion in schools Reporters came from all
over the world to cover the Scopes trial (Monkey Trial) The
highlight of the trial was when Bryan took the stand Darrow
questioned Bryan until Bryan said that while the earth was made
in six days they were ldquonot six days of 24 hoursrdquo Bryan was
admitting that the Bible could be interpreted in different ways
Even so Scopes was found guilty His conviction was later
overturned by the Tennessee State Supreme Court But the ban on
teaching evolution remained a law in Tennessee
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
PROHIBITION - on the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Ratified in 1919 as the 18th AMENDMENT
In WWI temperance (anti-alcohol) became a patriotic cause Drunkenness caused lower work productivity amp inefficiency
Prohibition was a difficult law to enforce Organized crimemade millions while millions of law-abiding Americans turned to bootleggers for their booze
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
The 21st forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Farming Problemss an agricultural depression in
early 1920s contributed to this urban migration
US farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe
at same time efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers were needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous and bankers called in their loans (farms were repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de factoslavery
white landowners went bankrupt amp forced blacks off their land
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
African-Americans moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form like Harlem in New York City
A distinct Black culture flourished but most neighborhoods and schools were not integrated in the North
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments govt charged him with with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
top related