the process of socialization

Giddens (2006) Socialisation is the process through which culture is

passed from generation to generation.

Nature/Nurture debate - Feral Childrenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljVd6XS-

J0sWhat does this tell us about the

nature/nurture argument?

Agents of socialization-These are the people or groups that play a

part in our socialization. Sometimes they play an important part without us realising it.

Agents of socialisationPrimary FamilySecondary Education Media Peer group Religion Workplace

Primary socialization-The early years of life are important in the

learning process. This is the stage of primary socialization when we are normally in intimate and prolonged contact with our parents.

We learn :-Rules of general behaviour – Norms and

values e.g queuing for a busNorms and values associated with gender,

ethnicity, social class.

Our parent’s are our “significant others”. They have a great influence on us and we care about their judgements of us. They play a key part in teaching us basic norms and values.

Family and ParentsThe majority of children still grow up in a

family headed by both natural parents.

Over the last 30 years there has been an increase in the number of lone-parent and step-famliies.

Family life has therefore become more DIVERSE.

Whatever the particular family set-up, parental figures remain the main agents of primary socialization.

A sense of security during the earliest years has been identified as being crucial to developing a stable personality later on.

Learning from parents-One way children learn from

their parents is through IMITATION. They may copy the way their parents’ talk or their table-manners for example.

By a process of trial and error and with the application of formal and informal sanctions (social control) children learn what is unacceptable and unacceptable.

As children get older they use their parents as role-models.

The experience of growing up ina family also varies according to its social and cultural values.

A Muslim family may ensure that religion plays a strong part in a child’s upbringing.

Gender RolesRead pg 7 in bookletsThink of ways that the family and parents

teach us how to be feminine and masculine.5 minutes in pairs

ActivityComplete questions on page 7 of your

booklets.Discuss

Secondary socialisationEducationFrom the age of 5 in the Uk the family

continues to be important for socialisation but Education also plays a big role. We are taught in two ways:-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUkhd9YZH98&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quzGekDaP88&feature=related

ActivityUse page 10 of the textbook to make your

own notes on the following:-Formal CurriculumFormal Social Control in schoolsInformal (hidden) CurriculumInformal Social Control in schools.

Plenary questionsHow do you think Functionalists might

view the ‘hidden curriculum’?How do you think Marxists might view the

use of the ‘hidden curriculum’How do you think Feminists might view

the ‘hidden curriculum’Give an example of a formal sanction used

by a schoolGive an example of informal sanction used

by peer groups.

Recap• The two kinds of social control• Agent of primary socialisation• Two agents of secondary socialisation• One way that parents ensure appropriate

gender behaviour is learned.• Phrase used to describe the teaching of

social skills in school.• Name for teaching of knowledge like

maths and English

ObjectivesTo be able to describe ways that the media

influences socialisationTo answer and peer assess a real exam

question.

The Mass Media

The media has an impact on the development of gender roles, ethnic identity and social class identities.

Media includes?

How does it happen?What were the three ways that children learn

norms and values and ways of behaving from their parents?

???Can these be applied to the media?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=qsy3BblcjCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=ypIbTpnuNgg&feature=related

ObjectivesKnow all the agents of socialisation and be

able to give examplesComplete a peer assessed timed essay

Socialisation through education and the media – what would the perspectives say about this?

Research into influence of mediaMcRobbie – 1970s found that girls magazines

tended to encourage romance and ‘keeping a man’ often through domesticity.

Currie (1999) found dramatic increase in emphasis on beautification. Concept of ‘slimblondeness’

Rutherford 2000 onwards - Growth of male magazines FHM, Loaded etc.and focus on body image.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tp7IP1XB9WY&feature=player_embedded

ReligionReligion can have a profound effect on

socialisation. Recent TV program about Amish teenagers!The UK has been changing and becoming

more ‘Secularised’BSA (2006) found that in 1964 26% did not

identify with any religion. By 2006 this rose to 69%.

Peer GroupSome peer groups develop which are

conforming to norms e.g boys playing football on the field and excluding girls.

Some form as an expression of rebellion against the norm e.g Youth subcultures e.g emos,

Groups often form around issues of commonality e.g ethnicity, gender, class.

Each group has norms and values and we are encouraged to conform through peer group pressure – rewards and sanctions

Describe the norms and valuesGeeksBoffsPlasticsEmo kidsLads??????? Any othersWhat would you have to do to become a

member of their culture?

The workplaceRead the description of the study by Ward

and Winstanley (2005) on page 25 of the OCR book and write a summary in your own words.

FunctionalistsThese are generally American thinkers.They say that the purpose of socialisation is

to unite society in a set of shared norms and values.

This is a ‘consensus’ sociology.Talcott Parsons said that all societies have

functional prerequisites which must be met and shared culture provides for these needs.

MarxistsThese people say that the purpose of

socialisation is to control the weak and defenceless and to give them the ideas that the powerful promote.

People are taught an ideologyThis is known as ‘conflict’ sociology.Socialisation is conditioning which prepares

the masses for exploitation

Feminism and SocialisationOakley (1974) Socialisation perpetuates

gender inequality. Gender differences are due to culture not biology.

Thorne (1993) School systems also reinforce gender differences.

Socialisation is preparing us for differentiated gender roles and to accept patriarchy.

Part b) 10 marks = 10 minutes

This will ask you about:-Culture transmissionAgents of Socialisation (primary and secondary)Processes involved in socialisation (formal and

informal social control) e.g Using material from the item and your own

knowledge, describe and explain the ways in which any two agents of socialisation can influence behaviour. [10]

AO1 - There should be 4 points made showing knowledge and accurate and appropriate use of sociological terms should be evident for full marks.

AO2 - At least 3 of those points will be explained with examples or reference to the item.

Peer Assessed ActivityExplain the meaning of the term ‘Socialisation’ and describe the ways in which children may be socialised. (10 Marks)

Timed Essay PlanP – What is Socialisation – (Giddens,2006) and

distinguish between primary and secondary. Include the HOW – Imitation, Role Modelling and Sanctions

E – Give an example of both e.g OakleyA – Therefore Culture is transmitted via ongoing

process of socialisation.E – Functionalists argue this is a good thing for

social solidarity however what would Marxists say?P – Describe one agent of socialisation – education

+ example, evaluation, and analysis (use perspectives)

P – Describe another agent – Media + example, evaluation and analysis (mention gender roles - McRobbie)

Short conclusion summarising/analysing

Peer Assess3 marks - They have described HOW the

family/media/education influences socialisation through imitation, role modelling and sanctions.

2 marks – They have included examples of the above?

2 marks – They have included one piece of research evidence/name of theorist

2 marks – they have included a second piece of research evidence/name of theorist

1 marks – The explanation is clearly communicated.

PlenaryWrite an improvement target for your partner and discuss it with them.