the political, economic, and social characteristics which...
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Europe’s SubregionsThe FRAME RoutineKey Topic
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Eastern Europe
Essential details
Main idea
Northern Europe
Essential details
Main idea
Western Europe
Essential details
Main idea
Mediterranean Europe
Essential details
Main idea
Extend Understanding
The political, economic, and social characteristics which contribute to the regional divisions of Europe.
Europe’s Regions
Europe has four regions
• Mediterranean• Western• Northern• Eastern
Color… p. 288
In what area of Europe is a majority of the population located?
Why do you think this is so?
Mediterranean Europe• This region consist of
the Iberian, Italian and Balkan Peninsulas.
• The climate is……Mediterranean– hot summers– moderate (cool) and
rainy winters
Ancient Glory• The Mediterranean
region was home to the Greek and Roman civilizations.
• These ancient civilizations were successful because:
1. The region’s mild climate made survival easier.
2. The Mediterranean Sea encouraged trade and the spread of ideas.
Ancient Glory: Greece
• Started as an isolated city-state.
• Ancient Greece’s contributions to modern culture:– Developed the first democracy
– Developed the study of science
– Developed the ideas of drama, philosophy
• By 400 B.C., Athens lost to Sparta.
Economic Change• The economy of the Mediterranean region
has been primarily based on agriculture and fishing.– Depended on crops such as olives, grapes,
citrus and wheat.
• Since the 1900’s the region shifted to manufacturing to compete in world markets.
Portugal = textiles
Spain = automobiles
Economic Problems• Italy’s southern region is
less developed than the north b/c:
– The north is close to industrial Germany and France.
– Bad government choices & corruption.
– Lack of resources like oil, coal, good soils.
• Mountains– The Pyrenees have
kept Portugal and Spain isolated from the rest of Europe.
– The Balkans have kept Greece isolated.
– Why are mountains an economic problem?
Western Europe• France and Germany are
the dominant countries b/c of their size, access to ports, resources and trade routes.
• French culture strong in France and Monaco.
• German culture is strong in Germany, Austria & Liechtenstein.
Modern Conflicts• Harsh economic terms used to punish Germany
for starting the WWI, led to Germany starting WWII.
• The Holocaust was used by Germany in WWII to murder Jews and minorities.
• Jews and minorities were seen as economic, social and political threats
The Berlin Wall-•At the end of WWII, Germany was split into democratic west and communist east.
•Germany’s capital Berlin, was also split into west and east.
•Starting in August 1961, a wall was built that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin.
•The Berlin Wall was finally knocked down by Berliners on both sides in 1989, precipitating the end of communism in Eastern Europe.
Modern Economics• Western Europe is rich in agriculture (the
Northern European Plain is located here).
• First region to industrialize.
• Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland are known for Dairy production
• Top manufacturing nations:
Netherlands, Germany = Electronics
Switzerland = Banking
Problems• Some “Guest Workers” that
entered Europe in the 1980’s are now facing economic and social discrimination.– Many European citizens believe
that Immigrants have not assimilated into the new culture.
– These Guest Workers came from Yugoslavia, Turkey, North Africa
– Children of immigrants may have a harder time finding work or school opportunities.
Click on the word to read the definition.
Northern Europe• United Kingdom• Ireland• Nordic Countries
– Denmark– Finland– Iceland– Norway– Sweden
Romans & Vikings, oh my!• Yes, the Romans
made it to Great Britain around AD 80.
• The Romans were driven out by Germanic tribes in the 400s.
• Vikings conquered (&
terrorized) Northern Europe from 795-1066ish– Came from Denmark,
Norway, Sweden
Vikings made it all the way to
Greenland and North America.
Growing an Empire• Historically, Britain had geographic advantages
which allowed it to become an empire:– It is Island nation– Experienced sailors– Access to trade
• By 1800’s, Britain had colonies in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Oceania.
• Colonization and trade spread the English language and culture around the world.
“The sun never sets on the British Empire”
The Modern AgeIndustrial Revolution• Large iron ore and coal deposits helped
Britain become the first country to industrialize.
• The Industrial revolution spread to other parts of Europe.
Industry used iron
and coal to make
machinery
Growth of industry
encouraged empire building
Britain imported
raw materials
from colonies
Finished goods sold to colonies
The Modern AgeConstitutional Monarchies• Britain has a monarchy
and a parliament- which is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed.
• Iceland’s parliament is the oldest in the world, meeting since AD 930.
The Irish Question• In 1921, Britain
divided Ireland in two parts– Republic of Ireland– Northern Ireland, has
a Protestant majority, & remained part of the United Kingdom.
• Area plagued by– Religious conflict – anti-British sentiment
Economics• Northern Europe’s
economy benefits from its natural resources.– Fishing in Iceland, Norway– Timber in Sweden
• Manufacturing– Computers = Ireland– Aerospace = Sweden & UK– Paper, food products,
pharmaceuticals
Thursday, we will discuss more on
the European Union.
Where’s the commercial agriculture?
Life in Northern EuropeSocial Welfare• Finland, Norway and Sweden (Nordic countries)
give families yearly allowances to help raise their children.
• Nordic countries and Britain provide national health insurance. – -> socialism
– People in these countries pay very high taxes to fund these programs.
Eastern Europe
• Eastern Europe is located between Asia and the rest of Europe.– Area became a cultural
crossroads, due to traders, nomads, migrants, and armies that passed through the region.
• The region is less urban than the rest of Europe.
Why have many empires tried to
control this region?
A Little HistoryAD 476- 1300s Eastern Europe
part of the Byzantine
Empire
1300s-1400sArea controlled
by Ottoman Turks
1686Austria drives out Ottomans from Hungary
How did the Ottoman invasion change religion in Eastern Europe?
1912-1913Countries in the Balkan fight for
sovereignty
1914A Serb kills
Austrian Archduke
Ferdinand. WWI erupts
1946-1948Communist
gov’ts are set up in Eastern
Europe
1989-1991 End of
communist rule
Keep in mind: Many ethnic
groups moved into this region
How did the Soviet Union
use ethnic differences to its advantage?
Life Under the Soviet Union• The Soviet Union refused to
withdraw from Eastern Europe until it had set up Communist gov’ts there.– 1945-1989, Eastern Europe
was dominated by Russia = satellite nations
• Food shortages – Inefficient gov’t planning
• 5 Year Plans focused on heavy manufacturing over consumer goods• Limited number of ‘luxury’ goods• Consumer goods were of poor
quality
• Eastern Europe only traded with the Soviet Union
– Lacked technology the West used– Were not able to trade with the
West
• Families shared homes• Increased pollution
Freedom?1980s• The Soviet Union gave satellite
nations more freedom =
• Eastern Europeans demanded more political and economic reform.
• 1989-1990, countries ended communist control.
After Communism• People returned to ethnic
loyalties, creating gov’t instability.
• Countries moved to a free-enterprise economy– Inflation– Unemployment
• Not all countries have been successful– Albania, old equipment– Romania, no $ for investments– Poor infrastructure
Why?
Patchwork Culture
• The Roman Empire introduce Catholicism
• Byzantine Empire spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity
• Under the Ottoman Empire, some converted to Islam
• Small Jewish minority– Anti-Semitism
Wrap- Up Questions…1. How have landforms and resources helped Europe
become rich and powerful?
2. How do language and religion reflect the cultural division of Europe?
3. How is Eastern Europe different from Western Europe?
4. How did communist governments restrict economic development?
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