the persian war. cause persian empire included greek city- states in ionia (present day turkey)...
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The Persian WarThe Persian War
Cause Cause
Persian Empire included Greek city-Persian Empire included Greek city-states in Ionia (present day Turkey)states in Ionia (present day Turkey)
Greek revolt against the PersiansGreek revolt against the Persians
Persians crush the revolt and Persians crush the revolt and Darius IDarius I wants revenge against the Greeks wants revenge against the Greeks • Decides to invade GreeceDecides to invade Greece
Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon
Greeks use the Phalanx Greeks use the Phalanx • Phalanx designed by MiltiadesPhalanx designed by Miltiades
Greeks outnumbered 12 to 1Greeks outnumbered 12 to 1 Greeks winGreeks win Phidippides runs 26 miles from battlefield Phidippides runs 26 miles from battlefield
to Athens to announce victoryto Athens to announce victory• Phidippides announces victory and then diesPhidippides announces victory and then dies• A marathon is named after this runA marathon is named after this run
Greek HopliteGreek Hoplite
Aspis
Hoplite Spear
After MarathonAfter Marathon
Darius I still wants to conquer GreeceDarius I still wants to conquer Greece
482 B.C. – Darius482 B.C. – Darius’’s son, Xerxes, takes a s son, Xerxes, takes a massive army to Greece to conquer the massive army to Greece to conquer the GreeksGreeks• Herodotus, know as the Herodotus, know as the ““Father of HistoryFather of History””
(world(world’’s 1s 1stst great historian), writes the Persians great historian), writes the Persians had 1 million menhad 1 million men
• Xerxes takes these men across the Hellespont Xerxes takes these men across the Hellespont by building a massive pontoon bridgeby building a massive pontoon bridge
Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes has many more men than the Xerxes has many more men than the GreeksGreeks
Greeks realize that they cannot fight Greeks realize that they cannot fight the Persiansthe Persians
King Leonidas of Sparta volunteers King Leonidas of Sparta volunteers himself and 300 Spartans to protect himself and 300 Spartans to protect a Greek retreata Greek retreat
ThermopylaeThermopylae
Thermopylae, means Thermopylae, means ““Hot Gates,Hot Gates,”” is a is a narrow mountain pass that narrow mountain pass that neutralized Persian numbersneutralized Persian numbers
Xerxes asks Leonidas for surrenderXerxes asks Leonidas for surrender• ““Come and Get ThemCome and Get Them””• ““So much the better, we fight in the So much the better, we fight in the
shadeshade””
ThermopylaeThermopylae
Leonidas fights the Persians in the Leonidas fights the Persians in the passpass
Greeks are betrayed by Ephiliates, a Greeks are betrayed by Ephiliates, a fellow Greek, who shows Xerxes a fellow Greek, who shows Xerxes a path around the passpath around the pass• Xerxes surrounds Leonidas and asks Xerxes surrounds Leonidas and asks
Leonidas for surrenderLeonidas for surrender• Leonidas fights till deathLeonidas fights till death
After ThermopylaeAfter Thermopylae
Xerxes moves his Xerxes moves his army towards army towards Athens and sacks Athens and sacks AthensAthens
Greek generals Greek generals meet to try and meet to try and defeat Persiansdefeat Persians
Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis A major naval battle between Greeks and A major naval battle between Greeks and
PersiansPersians
Battle plan designed by Themistocles, an Battle plan designed by Themistocles, an Athenian commander and head of the Athenian commander and head of the Greek NavyGreek Navy
Themistocles lures Persians into shallow Themistocles lures Persians into shallow water and runs their ships agroundwater and runs their ships aground• Greek Triremes stay much shallower in the Greek Triremes stay much shallower in the
waterwater
Ship DraftsShip DraftsDraft – How much of the ship is below waterDraft – How much of the ship is below water
Persian ships – deep draftPersian ships – deep draft
Greek ships – shallow draftGreek ships – shallow draft
Greek TriremeGreek Trireme
Battle of PlateaBattle of Platea
After Salamis, the Greek city-states After Salamis, the Greek city-states join forces to form a massive armyjoin forces to form a massive army
This Greek army meets the Persians This Greek army meets the Persians on the field of Plateaon the field of Platea
The Persians are completely The Persians are completely destroyed and the war endsdestroyed and the war ends
Major Greek Military Major Greek Military Advancements and Advancements and
InventionsInventions
HelepolisHelepolis
Name means Name means ““The Taker of CitiesThe Taker of Cities””• Invented Demetrius the ConquerorInvented Demetrius the Conqueror
A massive siege tower used during A massive siege tower used during the siege of Rhodesthe siege of Rhodes
130 ft. high, 65 feet wide130 ft. high, 65 feet wide• Divided into 9 storiesDivided into 9 stories• Each story equipped w/ a catapultEach story equipped w/ a catapult
The Ram TortoiseThe Ram Tortoise
A gigantic, armored battering ramA gigantic, armored battering ram
The ram tortoise was pushed by a The ram tortoise was pushed by a team of menteam of men
The ram tortoise was covered to The ram tortoise was covered to protect men from arrowsprotect men from arrows• Also had a platform on top to allow Also had a platform on top to allow
archers to shoot at opposing defensesarchers to shoot at opposing defenses
The Death RayThe Death Ray
Invented by Archimedes, a Greek Invented by Archimedes, a Greek mathematician mathematician
Used to defeat the Roman at Used to defeat the Roman at Syracuse in 214 B.C.Syracuse in 214 B.C.
Archimedes used concave mirrors to Archimedes used concave mirrors to refract sunlightrefract sunlight
The Steam CannonThe Steam Cannon
Also invented by Archimedes Also invented by Archimedes
Archimedes regulates the flow of Archimedes regulates the flow of steam through a series of tubessteam through a series of tubes
When the pressure built up, it fired a When the pressure built up, it fired a cannon ball out of the cannoncannon ball out of the cannon
The Archimedes ScrewThe Archimedes Screw Also invented by ArchimedesAlso invented by Archimedes
A hallow pipe with a A hallow pipe with a spiral tubespiral tube
The screw scoops up The screw scoops up water as it is turned water as it is turned and carries the water and carries the water up the spiral up the spiral
• Once the water reaches the top, it drains from the pipeOnce the water reaches the top, it drains from the pipe
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