the origins of ‘christendom’ expansion and integration of secular empire roman occupation of...

The origins of ‘Christendom’expansion and integration of secular Empire• Roman occupation of increasingly remote

areasGaul, Germany, Britain, Spain

• coordination of crop production, transport of natural resources

• developed infrastructure, cities emerge [paved roads, postal system

Pax Romana

Belief and Roman Society• polytheistic

• ready absorption of gods from other cultures, except Masada

• Judaism: monotheisticJewish governance; crushed in Jewish Wars, 70CE

• other religious sects: teacher named JesusRomans feared rebellion and executed himfollowers believed divinity and resurrectioncalled the ‘Christ’ - the anointed onepersecuted until after 325, Council of Nicea

• split – Constantinople vs. Rome

‘Christendom’: successors to the Roman EmpireDivisive factors:

growth of secular states c.800lack of strong central governments

Unifying factors:faith (the idea)monasteries (the institution)landholders to 1250social welfare – inns, orphans, hospiceeducation

c. 500

State and Society:feudalism

The Three Estatesthose who pray: clergythose who fight: knightsthose who work: peasants

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

800 CE 1000 1100 1200 1300 CE

Millions

and…development of arable landsminimized threat of invading nomadsclearing of swamps, forestsimproved agricultural techniques

- crop rotation and new crops - horseshoes and collars (horses faster than oxen)

Stable societies: resources to change and grow1. Growth of manufacturing 2. Reconquista –

a commercial economy 1060s-1492trade Islamic states displaced from Europe

3. Crusades * shapes nature of contact *to capture Jerusalem1096-mid13C

Overall of note:The geography, topography of the society:

• how has that impacted its development and structure, its homogeneity or multi-ethnicity

• how has that shaped relations between it and other groups

The overall organization of the society: • model of leadership• social structure• what positions/roles are valued in society

The philosophic/spiritual principles of the society:unique

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