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The Nutritionist 2020
Live and Recorded Ruminant Nutrition WebinarsMore Information at https://agmodelsystems.com/webinar/
Email: webinars@agmodelsystems.com
Multi-language educational webinars
Welcome to the May 2020 The Nutritionist with Dr Bill Stone. The webinar will begin at the top of the hour. Presently, music is playing to enable you to check your sound. If you need any help, email mariann@agmodelsystems.com
Enjoy the “social distancing playlist”
14 May 20209:00 am EDT6:00 pm EDT
Dr Bill Stone, PhD, DVMDirector, Ruminant Technical Services
Diamond V
Minimizing Variation Between Formulated and Consumed Rations:
A Key to Enhanced Herd Performance
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved. This presentation is the confidential and proprietary property of Diamond V. Diamond V does not give its consent for its distribution or license the use of its content.
Minimizing Variation Between Formulated and Consumed Rations: A Key to Enhanced Herd Performance
Bill Stone, DVM, PhD
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Major areas to evaluate:
◆ Forage and feed analyses
◆ Using accurate ingredient dry matters
◆ Prepping forages for feeding
◆ Accurately preparing the load of feed
◆ TMR Audits® - ensuring the mixer wagon is
being used and is working properly
◆ Techniques to minimize sorting
◆ Bunk management
4
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bunker Management Goals
5
• Remove spoiled silage• Vertical smooth, tight faces• Remove enough silage to avoid heating• Mix removed silage with loader bucket or mixer wagon • No loose silage at end of feeding• Leading edge of plastic is weighed down,
and removed at least twice weekly
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Excellent bunker management
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bunker Management
◆ Be careful out there. The
collapse to the right of
the defacer occurred a
few minutes before the
defacer was at the
bunker
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fritsch defacer
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Easy Rake Defacer
The effect of DM variation within the bunker silo
on Forage:Concentrate ratios
33
36
40
31
32.5
34
This is the average variation in DM in a sample of
bunker silos in NY. If the feeder obtained silage by
regions from this silo instead of from the entire vertical
face, then a diet formulated at 54.5% forage could
vary between 51 – 59% forage.
CS
10%
Hlge
20%
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Excellent Face on Haylage Pile
◆ This dairy defaced, pushed the feed into a pile, and premixed it with the loader bucket. This reduces silage variation that occurs throughout the bunker, making for a much more consistent TMR.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.12
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gold Standard – Plastic management
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Let No Air Under The Plastic
No Loose Silage At the End of Feeding
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cover on CS
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top spoilage
..and no one in management knew this was occurring
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top spoilage
Bunker management - Haylage
Poor tire management
permits air flow beneath
the plastic
Bunker management – Corn Silage
65° under plastic 105° at edge of face
Surface mold was occurring in both
haylage and CS bunkers
Some of the moldy silage was getting into the TMR;
this picture was from the “forage feeding pile”
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Removing Spoiled HaylageAlways Review Worker Safety
O2 limiting plastic (Silo-Stop) with a top cover of Black/white plastic
minimizes spoilage
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.23
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Safe Way To Remove Plastic From Piles
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Load preparation
◆ Excellent loading
system
◆ Shrink could be an
issue in windy
conditions
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wind is the Enemy!
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Load preparation - Reducing Shrink
Simple wind break adjacent to commodity barn
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
◆ Nice, simple discharge
chutes
◆ Inner tubes can work.
Two pieces of Pex tubing
are bolted across from
each other at the neck of
the discharge; a hose
clamp holds the tube to
the neck. The tubing
extends most of the way
down the inner tube and
helps to keep it open.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reducing Shrink
All concentrates in bins. Extended spouts
with shade cloth on the walls.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Milking and Feeding Systems
◆ Milker training, routine
◆ Equipment evaluation
◆ Equipment maintenance
(liners, water heater,
regulator)
◆ Do the cows have feed?
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
TMR Evaluation
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Penn State Particle Separator:
10 samples per pen
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Poorly Processed Hay Causing TMR
Variation
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Particle Size Distribution Along the Prefresh
Cows’ Bunk
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 21.9 38.8 23.1 41.0 25.3 34.0 52.3 32.6 32.9 39.4 34.1
Middle 38.3 26.5 36.9 26.5 34.9 29.4 19.5 27.9 30.2 26.7 29.7
Bottom 39.8 34.7 40.0 32.5 39.7 36.7 28.3 39.6 36.9 34.0 36.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Prefresh Cows
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,%
Top Middle Bottom
3 5.6 14.7 38.7 3.3 55.8 3.2
1 5.5 34.2 37.5 1.8 57.0 3.3
2 6.1 11.1 37.4 4.6 56.5 3.0
Prefresh 34.1 27.2 29.7 19.1 36.2 10.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nt
Coefficient of variation:
goal is less than 2.5%
CV Goal of ≤ 2.5% for middle sieve and pan
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
A very consistent TMR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 16.6 19.1 18.6 18.4 17.8 16.6 17.0 17.6 17.6 18.0 17.7
Middle 49.4 47.5 48.3 47.7 48.2 48.8 48.7 48.6 48.4 48.2 48.4
Bottom 34.0 33.4 33.2 34.0 33.9 34.6 34.3 33.8 33.9 33.8 33.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Load 1 Pens 5,6 4 min mix
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,%
Top Middle Bottom
Pens 5,6, 4 min mix 17.7 4.6 48.4 1.1 33.9 1.2
Pen 1,2,3 5 min mix 16.6 5.9 49.0 1.7 34.4 1.6
Fresh 18.0 7.0 47.6 2.0 34.4 2.4
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nt
Penn Shaker Box: Overall Average and CV
Coefficient of variation (CV):Measure of the amount of variation around the mean
Goal of < 2.5% for middle screen and pan
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Coefficient of Variation Levels for TMR
Consistency
◆ ≤ 2.5%
◆ Excellent - Top 20% of TMRs
◆ TMR mixing basics followed
◆ ≤ 4%
◆ Top 50% of TMRs
◆ Unclear if cow performance is different from CV of ≤ 2.5%
◆ > 4%
◆ Anecdotal evidence has shown a 2 to 5 Lb. increase in production, improved milk fat %, and fewer cases of indigestion after corrections are made
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
TMR Mixing Basics
◆ Feed particles mix when falling
together at the same time
◆ Any ingredient or process that interferes
with this will affect TMR consistency
39
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixing TMR With A Payloader
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Three Consistent TMRs
Load 5 North Barn SW Pen
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bunk Samples 1-10 and Average (11)
Pe
rce
nt Top
Middle
Bottom
Twin-twin screw vertical wagon
TMR: Pen 15 Peak Lactation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bunk Sample 1-10 and Average
Pe
rce
nt
Top 3.1 2.8 1.7 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.0 2.8 3.8 3.2
Middle 48.8 49.4 49.4 48.9 49.4 48.8 49.1 49.7 49.5 49.5 49.3
Bottom 48.2 47.8 48.9 47.6 46.9 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.8 46.7 47.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Mixed with payloader turning pile 5 times
TMR Load 1 North Barn
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bunk Samples 1-10 and Average (11)
Pe
rce
nt Top
Middle
Bottom
Horizontal auger reel mixer
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
42
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Equipment wear
◆ Is the maintenance program on your mixer wagon
as rigorous as the program for your milking
equipment?
◆ Why not?
◆ Primary wear points on different mixers
◆ Vertical mixers – kicker plates, augers, mixer tub,
knives
◆ Horizontal auger mixers – augers and tub
◆ Horizontal auger – reels – augers, reel, and tub
43
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Worn augers, missing kicker plate
Wagon not mixing properly
or cleaning out
Kicker plate and kicker
brace needed; goes on leading
edge of the flighting
Kicker plate should be placed so that it is within 3/8”of the wall at its closest point
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Supreme Mixer – worn and replaced kicker
plates
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hardened steel was welded on the leading edge and
along the kicker plates to minimize wear, but too much
can impede mixing
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Visual evaluation of the
mixer and its operation **Key Point**
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Worn augers, missing kicker plate
Wagon not mixing properly
or cleaning out
Kicker plate and kicker
brace needed; goes on leading
edge of the flighting
Kicker plate should be placed so that it is within 3/8”of the wall at its closest point
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Huge Variation in the TMR from this Mixer
49
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 10.3 20.7 17.8 17.6 22.7 31.2 21.2 11.7 13.3 11.5 17.8
Middle 45.8 37.6 41.8 40.9 37.8 32.2 34.3 43.5 43.0 44.7 40.2
Bottom 44.0 41.7 40.4 41.6 39.5 36.6 44.5 44.7 43.7 43.8 42.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Pe
rce
nt
High Cow Load
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
◆ A vertical mixer with
excellent mixing
activity
50
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Extremely Consistent TMR; Vertical Mixer in
Excellent Condition
51
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 16.6 19.1 18.6 18.4 17.8 16.6 17.0 17.6 17.6 18.0 17.7
Middle 49.4 47.5 48.3 47.7 48.2 48.8 48.7 48.6 48.4 48.2 48.4
Bottom 34.0 33.4 33.2 34.0 33.9 34.6 34.3 33.8 33.9 33.8 33.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Load 1 Pens 5,6 4 min mix
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of Equipment Wear on TMR Consistency
Worn Vertical Mixer Excellent Vertical Mixer
Bunk
Sample # Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom
1 First 10.3 45.8 44.0 16.6 49.4 34.0
2 20.7 37.6 41.7 19.1 47.5 33.4
3 17.8 41.8 40.4 18.6 48.3 33.2
4 17.6 40.9 41.6 18.4 47.7 34.0
5 22.7 37.8 39.5 17.8 48.2 33.9
6 31.2 32.2 36.6 16.6 48.8 34.6
7 21.2 34.3 44.5 17.0 48.7 34.3
8 11.7 43.5 44.7 17.6 48.6 33.8
9 13.3 43.0 43.7 17.6 48.4 33.9
10 Last 11.5 44.7 43.8 18.0 48.2 33.8
Average,
% 17.8 40.2 42.0 17.7 48.4 33.9
CV, % 36.3 11.3 6.2 4.6 1.1 1.2
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
53
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timer on scale display
◆ The load of feed must mix for an adequate length of time after the last ingredient has been added, or it won’t be properly mixed
◆ Feed management programs have a timer option
◆ 3.5 – 5 minutes is usually adequate, depending on load size, equipment wear, etc.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
Effect of Mix Time on TMR Consistency
3.5 Minutes 5 Minutes
Bunk
Sample # Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom
1 First 10.9 38.2 50.8 14.9 38.8 46.3
2 8.6 38.8 52.6 12.6 41.5 45.9
3 11.6 38.4 50.0 12.5 40.0 47.5
4 15.6 37.8 46.7 14.3 39.3 46.5
5 13.9 39.1 47.0 13.1 39.8 47.1
6 10.8 38.2 51.0 11.7 39.5 48.8
7 9.2 39.1 51.7 12.6 38.8 48.6
8 12.2 41.7 46.0 12.4 38.7 48.9
9 14.1 38.1 47.7 13.0 40.2 46.9
10 Last 11.6 37.3 51.1 11.4 39.3 49.3
Average,
% 11.8 38.7 49.5 12.8 39.6 47.6
CV, % 18.5 3.1 4.8 8.2 2.1 2.6
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
56
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Over-
Filling of
the TMR
Mixer?
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
TMR Mixing
Overfilled
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.59
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Horizontal Reel Mixer Overfilled
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Horizontal
Reel Properly
Mixing
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of Load Size on TMR Consistency
Over-filled Normal Filled
Sample
# Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom
1 First 4.9 45.9 49.2 5.6 44.8 49.6
2 2.9 46.3 50.7 6.0 46.0 48.0
3 2.3 44.2 53.5 4.7 46.2 49.1
4 3.8 44.0 52.2 7.4 45.9 46.7
5 4.8 43.8 51.4 5.5 44.5 50.0
6 3.4 47.7 48.9 8.8 42.8 48.5
7 4.3 44.6 51.1 7.0 46.5 46.5
8 3.8 44.2 51.9 8.1 44.1 47.8
9 7.0 37.3 55.7 7.2 43.9 48.9
10 Last 3.6 38.8 57.6 5.9 44.1 50.0
Average,
% 4.1 43.7 52.2 6.6 44.9 48.5
CV, % 31.6 7.4 5.2 19.4 2.7 2.662
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
63
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Make Sure Wagon Is Level When Mixing
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Load preparation – Full load, unlevel mixer
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haylage clumps
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 10.0 9.7 7.7 4.7 9.2 10.9 10.9 7.6 8.8 9.5 8.9
Middle 44.5 44.6 45.6 45.8 44.4 43.8 42.6 44.0 42.1 42.4 44.0
Bottom 45.5 45.7 46.7 49.5 46.4 45.3 46.5 48.4 49.1 48.0 47.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Two Heifer Groups, 6 min mix 021518
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixer totally full, unlevel
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 11.5 13.9 15.8 12.9 5.7 4.1 5.5 4.8 7.3 7.1 8.8
Middle 48.9 44.5 43.3 44.5 43.6 44.5 45.0 45.8 42.7 43.1 44.6
Bottom 39.6 41.6 41.0 42.6 50.7 51.3 49.5 49.4 50.1 49.8 46.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Two cow groups, Totally Full Mixer, 5-6 min mix 021518
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Changes to improve TMR consistency
◆ Changed mix order to haylage, grain mix, CS. Turned
mixer is on throughout loading. (no defacer)
◆ Modified the hitch leveling adjustment so that the mixer
could be leveled
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decreased
haylage clumps
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Leveled mixer with hitch modification
71
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ave
Top 5.6 6.8 7.9 6.4 5.6 8.9 5.1 5.8 5.3 5.8 6.3
Middle 47.8 47.1 47.2 48.1 47.7 47.3 48.9 47.9 47.7 48.1 47.8
Bottom 46.6 46.1 44.9 45.6 46.7 43.8 46.0 46.4 47.0 46.1 45.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
Cows, Full Load Level mixer; Low speed Hlge, Grain premix; High Speed, CS, mix
Haylage clump in sample 6
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,% Average, % CV,%
Top Middle Bottom
12, 10 Heifer Groups 8.9 20.9 44.0 2.9 47.1 3.2
9,11 cows 8.8 48.0 44.6 4.0 46.6 10.1
Pen 11 031318 6.3 19.4 47.8 1.1 45.9 2.1
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nt
Penn Shaker Box: Overall Average and CV
Coefficient of variation (CV):Measure of the amount of variation around the mean
Goal of < 2-3% for middle screen and pan
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
74
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
TMR Loading
Not Loading On Center Loading On Center…Line Up on The Red Triangle
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
76
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sharp vs Dull Blade
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Processing Straw or Hay
Video
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haybuster
79
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
80
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ingredient Mix Order
◆ Mixing order depends on
◆ Mixer wagon type
◆ Ingredient type (density, particle size, DM)
◆ Inclusion level
◆ Convenience
◆ Equipment maintenance
◆ Mixing time
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ingredient Mix Order
◆ Generally, lower density and large particle feeds
are loaded first
◆ Then dry, more dense feeds
◆ Wet feeds, and finally liquids
◆ For example◆ Hay and haylage (*grain first with a reel mixer)
◆ Dry grains
◆ Hand-ads
◆ Corn silage
◆ Wet feeds and liquids
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
When Should Low Inclusion Ingredients be
Added?
◆ Add low inclusion
ingredients early in
the loading sequence,
or include in a premix
◆ Add hand-ads early
so that they make up
>2% of the load size
when added
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
84
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Improper Liquid Addition, Inadequate Mix Time, and
Unlevel Mixer
010
203040
506070
8090
Front Middle End Front Middle End Front Middle End Front Middle End
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Top
Middle
Bottom
Whey was added on one end of the mixer wagon.
The mixer truck was not level as the front of the truck was sloped down hill.
TMR was mixed for only 1 minute or less after liquid was loaded.
The TMR was extremely wet at the front of the load when it was dropped and dry
at the end.
The effect was consistent across all 4 loads.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
How We Add Liquids Affects TMR
Consistency
video
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Water or whey addition
◆ Liquid added farther
back in mixer than
optimal; ideally liquid
addition would cover
central 2/3 of mixer
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Great whey manifold
Excellent distribution across the TMR
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Load Preparation – Water Addition
◆ Unique water application
system really distributed
the water uniformly over
the TMR.
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
90
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Auger RPM on TMR
Uniformity in a Vertical Mixer
◆ Count the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the
vertical augers
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Influence of Changing Mixer Wagon Gear Box on
Milk Production
70
75
80
85
90
95
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
lbs
Days of Case Study
Milk ECM
Old Gear Box/
1st Gear
42 rpm
Top CV 3.1
Middle CV 1.8
New Gear Box/
1st Gear
28 rpm
Top CV 7.2 Bad Mix Quality
Middle CV 4.6
Bottom CV 5.4
New Gear Box/
2nd Gear
38 rpm
Top CV 2.8 Good Mix QualityMiddle CV 1.6
Bottom CV 1.8
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Influence of Changing Mixer Wagon Gear Box on
Milk Fat and Protein
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
%
Days of Case Study
BF% P%
New Gear Box/
1st Gear
28 rpm
Top CV 7.2 Bad Mix Quality
Middle CV 4.6
Bottom CV 5.4
Old Gear Box/
1st Gear
42 rpm
Top CV 3.1
Middle CV 1.8
Bottom CV 1.9
New Gear Box/2nd Gear
38 rpm
Top CV 2.8 Good Mix Quality
Middle CV 1.6
Bottom CV 1.8
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Influence of Changing Mixer Wagon Gear Box on
Milk MUN
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
A
x
i
s
T
i
t
l
e
MUN
Old Gear Box/1st
Gear
42 rpm
Top CV 3.1
Middle CV 1.8
Bottom CV 1.9
New Gear Box/1st Gear
28 rpm
Top CV 7.2 Bad Mix Quality
Middle CV 4.6
Bottom CV 5.4
New Gear Box/2nd Gear
38 rpm
Top CV 2.8 Good Mix Quality
Middle CV 1.6
Bottom CV 1.8
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Summary of Mixer Box Auger Speeds and TMR
Mix Quality
Average CV% Middle/Bottom Screens
Auger Speed: Slow Fast
◆ Peecon 5.00 1.78
◆ Supreme w Forage Auger 8.53 2.45
◆ Supreme w Feedlot Auger 2.11*
◆ Kuhn VTC 1100 3.50 2.00
◆ Penta 1420 HD 6.13 2.19
◆ Roto Mix 1355 Truck, hydraulic 5.00 3.24**
◆ Trioliet 4.83 2.81
*Mixer off until liquid added last with auger rpm at 35 for 6 min and then 40 rpm for 3 min
**Slow 32/24 rpm and fast was 40/30 rpm on lactation and dry cow mix, respectively
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Factors Causing TMR Variation
◆ Equipment wear
◆ Mix time after last ingredient
◆ Load size
◆ Levelness of mixer during loading
◆ Loading position in the mixer box
◆ Hay/straw quality and processing
◆ Loading sequence
◆ Liquid distribution
◆ Vertical mixer auger speed
◆ Hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers
96
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Forage Restrictor Settings
Front-set out Back-set out
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Forage Restrictors
◆ TMR movement and
mixing is reduced with
the restrictors set in
98
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Forage Restrictor Settings and TMR Mix
Quality
Penta 1120HD/restrictors set all the way in Penta 1120HD/Restrictors set half way in
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
1 3 5 7 9
Perc
en
t
Bunk Sample 1-10 and Average
TMR: Load 5
Top Middle Bottom
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
1 3 5 7 9
Perc
en
t
Bunk Sample 1-10 and Average
TMR: Load 6
Top
Middle
Oelberg, 2014
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of Restrictor Settings on TMR Consistency Penta 1120 HD Restrictors
Set All the Way In
Penta 1120 HD – Restrictors
Set Half Way In
Sample
# Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom
1 Front 4.6 45.4 50.0 6.2 41.6 52.2
2 3.9 45.2 51.0 5.3 41.3 53.4
3 6.0 43.5 50.5 5.4 40.3 54.3
4 4.2 44.2 51.6 6.2 40.5 53.3
5 3.5 46.1 50.3 4.8 41.8 53.4
6 4.8 42.0 53.2 5.1 39.8 55.2
7 2.9 40.0 57.1 5.4 40.1 54.5
8 3.8 41.7 54.5 5.2 41.6 53.2
9 3.8 38.3 57.9 5.1 40.2 54.8
10 Back 1.8 38.3 59.9 5.0 40.4 54.6
Ave, % 3.9 42.5 53.6 5.4 40.8 53.9
CV, % 28.1 6.8 6.7 8.9 1.8 1.7100
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixer cleanout
◆ There can be a lot of feed left on the augers and in the bottom of the mixer after unloading a load
◆ Assuming the mixer is not too worn, most of the feed will discharge if the mixer is run at high speed at the end of the load
◆ This would be especially important to do before the prefresh cows are fed, or if the mixer was used to make an on-farm grain mix
© Diamond V, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
◆ Review the feeding management areas
discussed today on your dairy or your clients’
dairies
◆ What can be done to improve TMR consistency
within and between loads?
◆ Reduced variation typically leads to improved
production and cow health
102
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Questions or comments?
11 June 20209:00 am EDT6:00 pm EDT
Dr Jude CapperLivestock Sustainability Consultant
United Kingdom
Sustainability
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