the new deal
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New Deal = Relief, Recovery, and Reform programs
1st Hundred Days – FDR pushed programs through to provide relief, create jobs, & stimulate the economy
Restoring Hope in the First Hundred DaysRestoring Hope in the First Hundred Days
1. Stabilize banking Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Banking Act (FDIC)
Goals of New Deal Legislation
2. Provide relief & create jobs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal Emergency Relief Administration
(FERA)
Goals of New Deal Legislation
3. Regulate the economy National Industrial Recovery Act, which
established: Public Works Administration (PWA) National Recovery Administration(NRA)
Goals of New Deal Legislation
4. Assist homeowners & farmers Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Goals of New Deal Legislation
Continuing Hardships The New Deal eased suffering, but didn’t end it Desperate people went to desperate measures The Depression took its toll on families
Minorities and the New Deal The New Deal didn’t address racism, and many
programs were biased against blacks and Mexican Americans
Indian Reorganization Act (“Indian New Deal”) had little impact
Scottsboro case (1931) set important precedents
Culture in the 1930s Important literary achievements included The Grapes
of Wrath and Native Son.
Radio and movies provided a needed escape from hard times.
FDR’s “Fireside Chats” reassured Americans.
Contributions of Women Frances Perkins – 1st
female Secretary of Labor
Eleanor Roosevelt was FDR’s “eyes & ears”
Photographer Dorothea Lange inspired programs for farm workers
Liberals felt the New Deal didn’t go far enough to reform the system.
Conservatives said it gave the government too much control of the economy.
Huey Long’s Share-Our-Wealth program sought to limit individual personal wealth & increase the minimal income for all.
Other critics were demagogues, like Father Charles E. Coughlin.
Critics of the New Deal
The Second New DealContinued First New Deal in:
Providing jobs Works Progress Administration
(WPA)
Regulating the economy Wagner Act Social Security Administration
(SSA)
As well as programs to benefit farmers
The 1936 Election FDR’s landslide
victory showed that most Americans supported the New Deal
Forged a new coalition for the Democrats
Schecter v. U.S. decision struck down NIRA Roosevelt proposed to add 6 additional Supreme
Court justices supportive of the New Deal Critics warned that FDR was trying to undermine
the constitutional separation of powers
The Court Packing Fiasco
In August 1937, industrial production & employment levels fell.
The new Social Security tax was partly to blame, as were cuts in federal work programs.
FDR concerned about deficit spending.
The Recession of 1937
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