the long path of the english language. indo-european and germanic influences indo-european family:...

The long path of the English Language

Indo-European and Germanic influences

Indo-European family:-Latin and The Modern Romance languages;-The Germanic languages;-The Celtic languages;-…

Father-vater;pater;pitr

• Sub-groups of Germanic:• -East Germanic;• -North Germanic;• -West Germanic.

English belongs to the Germanic group of languages

Old English

Main Invasions (500-1100 AD)• The Angles, Saxons and Jutes (5th and 6th

centuries AD)• The Vikings (around 850)• The Norman Conquest (around 1100)

Influences on the Language

• The invaders pushed out the original Celtic-speakers to Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland.

• Celtic languages survive today in the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland and in Welsh, though Cornish is now a dead language.

• Only about one sixth of the Old English words have survived to this day.

• About half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots (for example: be, water, strong).

The Norman conquest and Middle English

Invasion of England in 1066 AD by the Normandy’s Duke.

Growing influence of Latin. Some French and Germanic

influences in Middle English. The mixture of Anglo-Norman and

Old English formed Middle English. Around 1500 AD, the Modern English

rose.

The Norman conquest and Middle English

EARLY MODERN ENGLISH(1500-1700)

Sónia, Inês Oliveira, Sofia, Marco, Maria Eduarda and Marisa, 12º1

Renaissance

Shakespeare's influence

Major

factors

Late Modern English(1800-up to the present)

Late Modern English(1800-up to the present)

• Main difference: vocabulary;• Historical factors:

Industrial and scientific Revolution: Created a need for neologisms Latin + Greek + English roots

Most visible in the fields of eletronics and computers.

Rise of the Bristish Empire:Introduced English to the world Virtually every languages has

contributed to its development

Two world wars: big military influence on the languages

Late-Modern English

American English

American English• Creation: • Year 1600 AD ; • Settlement of English colonies in North

America.

• “Americanisms” are British words that colonies continued to use unlike Britain.

• Examples:– Fall-Autumn ;– Trash-Rubbish; – Loan-Lend

• American English introduced:

• Native American words (Mississippi; Roanoke; Iowa; Racoon; Tomato; Canoe; Savanna; Hickory)

• Indian sounding words (Idaho)

• Louisiana;

• Goober;• Gumbo; • Mustang; • Vigilante.

The influence of… Spanish, French and African languages