the growth of democracy in england:

3-2-1• Three Things that really

interest me (Facts)

• Two Things “I’d like to know more about” (Questions)

• One “Big Idea from today” (Theme or large concept)

Constitutionalism:

What’s My Question?

A social contract

between the rulers

and the ruled.

What is the

goal of

constitutionalism?

William the Conqueror

(1066 – 1087)

• Plantagenet Dynasty

• Established Common Law.

• Judicial decisions based on precedents.

Henry II (1154 - 1189)

King John (1199 - 1216)• England’s

Worst King• Defeated in

Battle by French.

• Magna Carta, “Great Charter”.

“No person shall . . . Be deprived of life, liberty, or property,

without due process of law and the sixth states. . . . The

accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an

impartial jury.”

"Model Parliament”

1295

• Model Parliament.Model Parliament.• King cannot tax King cannot tax

anyone without the anyone without the consent of the consent of the Parliament.Parliament.

• Parliament began Parliament began to include the to include the middle class middle class (House of Lords (House of Lords and Commons.)and Commons.)

• ““Controls the Controls the Power of the Power of the Purse.Purse.

The Tudor Dynasty

Henry VII

(1485-1509)

Henry VIII (1509 - 1547)

Edward VI(1547 – 1552)

Lady Jane Grey“The Nine Days Queen”

Mary I “Bloody Mary”

(1153 – 1558)

Elizabeth I(1558 – 1608)

Troubles with Mary Queen of Scots

• Married to the heir of the French crown.

• Alliance between French and Scots.

• Abdicated in 1567.• Executed by Elizabeth in 1587.

The Conflict with Spain

• Originated from trading interests.

• Revolt of the Netherlands.

• England’s commercial interests.

• 1588 assembled the Armada

• Act of Supremacy

• Passed Act of Uniformity in 1559

• 39 Articles

Elizabethan Church

3-2-1• Three Things that really

interest me (Facts)

• Two Things “I’d like to know more about” (Questions)

• One “Big Idea from today” (Theme or large concept)

England begins to lay the foundations for a constitutional,

parliamentary system.

A conception of sovereignty rooted in law and lodged in the hands of an assembly that represented the

community.

The Tudor Legacy• Tudor monarchs needed the

parliament to combat the church and the Spanish threat.

• Both agreed that parliament makes laws and issues taxes, the monarchy guides policy.

Objectives• Identify the fundamental

friction between the monarchy and the parliament

• Analyze the events that led to the supremacy of constitutionalism.

James I (1603 - 1625)• Son of Mary Queen of

Scots.

• Sought peace with Spain.

• Toleration of Catholic minority.

• Union of England and Scotland.

James’ Poor Leadership:

• Believed in a strong monarchy

• Crown and Parliament clashed over money, religion, and policy.

• Parliament wanted to purify Anglicanism

• Too friendly with Catholic Spain.

The Argument of Ship Money:

• Medieval custom, coastal towns provide ships in time of war.

• Charles I wished to maintain a navy in time of peace

• John Hampden lost his case in court.

Charles I’s Reign• Difficulty getting funds from

Parliament led to the Petition of Rights (1628)–Define the rights of Parliament as

inalienable and condemned arbitrary arrest, martial law, and taxes imposed without Parliaments consent.

Charles I and Parliament Clash:

• Charles dissolves Parliament in 1629 - 1640.

• Devised new methods of taxation that did not require parliament.

• Began attacking Protestantism.

The Long Parliament(1640 - 1653)

• Arch Bishop of Canterbury, William Laud.

• Attempted to force Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

• Needed to call Parliament to raise an army.

Causes of the English Civil War

• Charles surrounded himself with Catholics

• Supporters of Parliament became known as supporters of Country; supporters of the monarchy were identified with the Court.

The Puritan Revolution• Charles I attempts a coup 1642.

• Supporters of Parliament became known as Roundheads.

• Supporters of the king became known as cavaliers.

• Parliament eventually led by Oliver Cromwell.

Oliver Cromwell• Combining three existing

armies, Parliament created the New Model Army in 1645.

• Ruled as Lord Protector, through representative bodies devised by himself

• He mixed moral Puritanism and political dictatorship.

The Puritan Republic• Pride’s Purge created a

Rump Parliament, with only 1/5 of it’s members

• Appointed a high court to try the king on high treason

• Charles I was executed in Whitehall on January 30, 1649

Puritan Republic

• Crushed Irish rebellion (1649)

• Act Settlement of 1652

• Cromwell defeated the Scots

• Cromwell ends Long Parliament

• Instrument of Government (1653)

• Military dictatorship

The Navigation Acts: (1651 - 1673)

• By 1686, almost half of the English ships were trading with India or America.

• Aggressive foreign policy support commerce.

• The Navigation Acts, all goods transported in English ships.

Religious Dissenters:The Levellers:

• John Lilburne and the Levellers. political democrats.

• Universal manhood suffrage, equality of representation, a written constitution, and subordination of Parliament.

The Quakers:• George Fox and the Quakers.

• Also known as the Society of Friends.

• Persecuted and imprisoned where many died.

The Legacy of the English Revolution

Englishmen• Fear of to great a concentration

of power.

• Deepened respect for government by law.

• Reverence for Parliament.

• Distaste for strong standing armies.

Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679)

• The Leviathan becomes the greatest proponent of absolutism and unlimited sovereignty.

• Without some authority to enforce law, society would disintegrate into a war with every man against every man.

• Social Contract: Society needs to obey the sovereign because the sovereign could maintain order.

• Sovereign of absolute power.

The Restoration of the Monarchy:

Charles II

and

James II

Charles II (1661 - 1685)

• Pledged to observe the Magna Carta and Petition of Rights.

• Toleration and preference of Catholics.

The Cavalier Parliament:(1661 - 1679)

• Parliament passes the Clarendon Code (1661). Excluded Roman Catholics from office.

• Test Act (1673)

• Charles attempts to establish royal prerogative in the Declaration of Indulgences.

Reign of Charles II• Charles II’s Treaty of Dover with

France’s Louis XIV pledges conversion to Catholicism (1670)

• Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus act (1679) Established legal rights of the individual

James II (1685 - 1688)• Catholic heir.

• 1687 made Catholics eligible for office.

• Restore absolutism and Catholicism.

The Rise of William and Mary

• In December, James II flees England for France.

• William and Mary are invited to the throne.

• There was one condition, that they accept the Bill of Rights.

The Bill of Rights: 1688• No law could be suspended

by the king.

• No taxes raised or army maintained except with parliamentary consent.

• No subject could be arrested or detained without legal process.

Opinions of John Locke (1632 - 1704)

• Believed in self-government.

• Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property.

• Government of mutual obligations to preserve these rights.

Locke’s Legacy• Locke’s doctrine of possessive

individualism.• A society based on wealth, rather

than inherited privilege.• Inalienable natural rights, government

by consent, the right of revolution, and the sanctity of property.