the green banana

The Green Banana The Green Banana

Donald Batchelder

Lesson Ten

Part One: Warm-up

Part Two: Background InformationPart Three:

Text Appreciation (Key Points)

Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points)

Part Five: Resource Extension

Lesson Ten

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Part onePart one Warm-upWarm-up

I. Warm-up questions

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1. What are your favourite fruits?

2. Do you like bananas?

I. Warm-up questionsI. Warm-up questions

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I. Warm-up questionsI. Warm-up questions

• 3. Do you know green banana? Do you know the use of green banana?

• 4. Do you think all nations have good things to offer to the rest of the world?

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I. Author and the Text

II. Ethnocentrism and Other

Related Terms

III. Inter-cultural Understanding

IV. Culture Shock

V. Tower of Babel

Part twoPart two BackgroundBackground InformationInformation

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The text is taken from Beyond Experience: An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural Education edited by Donald Batchelder and Elizabeth G. Warner in 1974.

I.I. Author and the TextAuthor and the Text

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“If some of the goals of education in modern times are to open up possibilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world.

I.I. Author and the TextAuthor and the Text

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Ethnocentrism Cultural Ethnocentrism Cultural Chauvinism Relativism Chauvinism Relativism RacismRacism

II. Ethnocentrism and other related termsII. Ethnocentrism and other related terms

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"Ethnic" refers to cultural heritage, and "centrism" refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center. Thus, "ethnocentrism" basically refers to judging other groups from one’s own cultural point of view.

Ethnocentrism ( 种族优越论 )

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Why are people ethnocentric? It is normal to assume things on the basis of one’s own experience, although it is sometimes wrong. People’s perceptions of colors, time frames, values on industriousness, social roles, and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life. Therefore, people’s limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences, and in the case of others’ behaviors.

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What is the problem with ethnocentrism? Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples. People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples' cultures and customs. People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses. At the best, people simply continue in his unawareness.

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What can we do about ethnocentrism? Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric. Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world, assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience.

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Racism is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Sometimes, this term is also used to refer to discrimination or prejudice based on race.

Racism ( 种族主义 )

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Cultural Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms, that is, without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard. This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations.

Cultural Relativism

( 文化相对主义 )

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You may communicate with people that have very different histories, languages, and ways of doing and thinking. They may have a different sense of time, and a different sense of humor. They may have different ways of expressing feelings.

III.III. Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Understanding

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Picture tour of World

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Britain

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Greece

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Morocco

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Nigeria

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Russia

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South Africa

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Switzerland

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Australia

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Greenland

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IV.IV. Culture ShockCulture Shock

The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.

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V. Tower of BabelV. Tower of Babel

Click the picture for

more information.

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This allusion is from Old

Testament·Genesis 11, indicating a

sheer illusion.

The whole world had one language

and a common speech at the

beginning. When people moved

eastward, they found a plain in Shinar

and settled there.

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The Lord came down to see the city and the tower that people were building. The Lord said: “If people speak the same language as they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible. I have to go down and confuse their language so that they cannot understand each other.”

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Part threePart three Text AppreciationText Appreciation

I. Text analysis

1. General analysis

2. Theme

3. Structure

4. Further discussion

II. Sentence paraphrase

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Main idea: author's experience in a small Brazilian village

Setting: a small village in the central area of Brazil

Characters: an American traveler (“I”), several Brazilian people

Theme : go to the next page

I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis

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We should respect all civilizations in

the world. Wisdoms are to be

discovered with an open mind to other

cultures.

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Part 1 (paras. 1— ) about:

Part 2 (paras. — ) about:

Structure of the text

4 The experience of the “green bananas”.

What the author learned "We should admire all civilizations in the world".

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What is “learning moments”? Have you ever experienced “learning moments”? Have you ever heard of or encountered the experience of cultural differences? List the examples.

The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part. (para. 3) What does this sentence mean?

… trying to show interest if not complete acceptance. (para. 3) Does the author agree with the villagers?

discussions about the text

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… its time had come to meet my need. … It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. (para. 5) “It was my own time” to do what? Why is it, in the author’s opinion, that many useful things remain unknown to us? Who is to blame?

But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a lifelong perspective and collection can begin. (para. 7) What does he mean by the “second center”? Which is the first center? How can we make a conscious breakthrough to a second center? What does he mean by “perspective” and “collection”?

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When the author says we should

leave our own centers of the world,

does he mean we should travel to other

countries more often?

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 1II. Sentence Paraphrase 1 My ancient jeep was straining up through

beautiful countryside when the radiator

began to leak. (para. 1)

When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the picturesque rural area.

the infinitive

as object

go to 2

to strain: to try very hard

radiator: the part of a car which prevents the engine from getting too hot ( 散热器 )

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 2II. Sentence Paraphrase 2The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. (para. 1)

Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.

infinitive

as object complement

go to 3

over-heated: too hot

consist of: contain; be made of

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 3II. Sentence Paraphrase 3He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me that everything would work out. (para. 1)

He patted my shoulder, confirming that all the things would be resolved.

telling me that something is sure to happen or is definitely true

go to 4

=patted my shoulder

More Examples

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II. Sentence ParaphraseII. Sentence Paraphrase

Similarly:

1. to wound sb. in the leg= to wound one’s leg

2. to hit sb. at the back= to hit one’s back

back to 3

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 4II. Sentence Paraphrase 4

I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance. (para. 2)

However, I did not inquire about the reason,since it would reveal my lack of knowledge.

go to 5

an adverbial clause of reason

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He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. (para. 3)

in a proper order

Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring that I understood the importance of his words.

The infinitive is used in a set construction.

go to 6

with the appearance of;

apparently

More Examples

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II. Sentence ParaphraseII. Sentence Paraphrase

1.He looked as if he had seen a ghost.

(followed by a clause)

2. She cleared her throat as if to speak.

(followed by an infinitive)

3. He was standing by the window as if waiting

for somebody. (followed by a present

participle)

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 6II. Sentence Paraphrase 6I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. (para.3)

I looked in order to find out whether he was joking, but he seemed deeply earnest.

infinitive

as adverbial

go to 7

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They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra

bananas to take along in case my radiator should

give me trouble again. (para. 4)

Then my radiator was filled again by them and I was provided with more bananas as a precaution my radiator should leak again.

infinitive

as attribute

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As a product of American education, I had

never paid the slightest attention to the

green banana, except to regard it as a fruit

whose time had not yet come. (para. 5)

The tone is humorous and self-mocking.

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It was me who had come to know the green bananas, and everything connected with it. According to the author, every civilization has special geniuses (symbolized by the green banana), which have existed for many years. But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them.

go to 10

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 10II. Sentence Paraphrase 10 I had been wondering for some time about what

educators like to call “learning moments”, and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once. (para. 5)

refers to the two “learning moments”

The two things that suddenly dawned on him are: the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village, town, region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world.

infinitive

as object

go to 11

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II. Sentence Paraphrase 11II. Sentence Paraphrase 11I had at first doubted their claim, as I knew

for a fact that the center was located

somewhere else in New England. (para. 6)

The author obviously was born and brought

up in New England. Therefore he had

always regarded it as the center of the

world.

go to 12

adverbial clause of reason

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The cultures of the world are full of

unexpected green bananas with special value

and meaning. (para. 8)

The green bananas have become a symbol of

hidden treasures from every culture. For

proper understanding of a piece of writing, it

often important to notice such symbolic

language and to know what the symbols stand

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Part fourPart four Language StudyLanguage Study

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. acceptance

2. appreciate

3. assure

4. breakthrough

5. casually

6. destination

7. encounter

15. perspective

16. potential

17. relate

18. scattered

19. tease

20. tend

8. occasion

9. origin

10. identity

11. ignorance

12. instantly

13. leak

14. numerous

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

1. acceptancen. ≠ refusal, rejection

Examples:

The new policy gained widespread acceptance.

Ten acceptances and one refusal have been

received since the invitations were sent out.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. appreciate

v. to understand and enjoy sth.Examples:

I really appreciate your help.

The judge appreciated the courage

students had displayed in the speech

contest.

It’s hard to fully appreciate the essence of

foreign literature in translation.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. assure

v. to tell sb. that sth. is sure to happen so that he does not have to worry

assure sb./oneself (of sth.): to cause sb. to feel certain about sth.rest assured (that…): to be certain that…

Compare “assure” with “ensure” and

“sure”.

Examples:

I can assure you that he is an honest

person.

You may rest assured that everything is

developing smoothly as you wish.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. breakthrough

n. a. the act of making a sudden, quick advance through an enemy’s defenses b. the important discovery or development

Examples:

a major breakthrough in clone research 克隆研究方面的重大突破a breakthrough in negotiations 谈判的重大进展

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5. casually

adv. the state of being informal or happening by chance

Examples:

Jerry met his ex-girlfriend on his way home

casually.

It’s embarrassed to dress so casually in this

kind of situation.

casual adj.

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a casual remark a casual encounter a casual attitude a casual inspection a casual disregard for

rumors casual wear a casual laborer a casual acquaintance a casual correspondence

with a friend

Translation

即席发言邂逅漫不经心的态度草率的检查对流言蜚语毫不在乎

便装 / 休闲装临时工泛泛之交与朋友的不定期通信

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6. destination

n. a place sb. is going to

arrive at/reach one’s destination

Examples:

Lhasa is the destination of our trip.

Keep your confidence up, and you’ll reach your destination.

v. destine

Word Formation

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come acrossmeetconfront

Synonyms

v. to meet sb. or experience sth. suddenly or unexpectedly n. sudden or unexpected meetingencounter with sb./sth.Examples:

Catherine encountered an old friend in the shopping center.

The players encountered a lot of difficulties when they first started the training.

He had an encounter with an angry client.

7. encounter

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 8. occasion

n. special time for sth.on occasion: now and then; whenever there is a needon the occasion of sth.: at the time of a certain eventExamples:

Jean had met him on several occasions before

they knew each other in the real sense.

She goes to the cinema on occasion.

She was still absent-minded even on the

occasion of her own wedding.

More Examples

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( ) the occasion ( ) the situation ( ) the circumstances

Please fill in the blanks below and compare the usage of prepositions in the following phrases of “ 在 ······ 情况下” .

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9. origin

n. starting-point; source

Examples:

The origins of the custom are unknown.

The practice has its origin in the people.

v. originate

a. original

Word Formation

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. identity

n. who or what sb./sth. isidentity card (ID card): an officially issued card,

often with a photograph, to show who a person is

Examples:

There is no clue to the identity of the

murderer.

The cheque will be cashed on proof of

identity.

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Examples:

Can you identify the robber from the group

of people?

She identified the man with the scar as her

attacker.

identify v. to ascertain the origin or characteristics of

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11. ignorance

n. having no knowledge or information

ignorance of sth.

ignore neglect

ignorant negligent

negligible

v. 忽视 / 略

adj. 无知的

v. 忽视，疏忽

adj . 疏忽的

adj. 可以忽略的

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an instant success

instant hot water

instant noodles/coffee

/powdered milk

in instant need of help

12. instantlyadv. at once; immediately

instant adj. 很快达成的成功瞬间致热的热水（一开水龙头水就热）快餐面 / 速溶咖啡 /速溶奶粉需要紧急援助

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Examples:

The water is leaking in. The damaged reactor leaked

radioactivity into the atmosphere. Don’t leak the secret to anyone. The information was leaked to the press

unavoidably.

I.I. Word StudyWord Study13. leak

v. a. to escape or pass through

b. to reveal (information)

leak sth. to sb.

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14. numerous

adj. many; countless

Examples:

She takes pride in having numerous friends.

On numerous occasions, Kate couldn’t help crying when she heard the same song.

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There___ ___number of students in the classroom.

____ number of the students in the classroom ____still unknown.

Please fill in the blanks with correct verbs and articles.

(are; a)

(The; is)

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n. a way of thinking about or looking at sth.

Examples:

Stand here and you can get a perspective of

the whole valley.

The vase on the right of the picture is out of

perspective.

Please draw the building in perspective.

We can view the matter in the historical

perspective.

15. perspective

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n. potentiality

I.I. Word StudyWord Study16. potential

n. a. the possibility that sth. will have a certain effect b. qualities that exist and can be developed

Examples:

We recognized the potential for error in the

method being used.

The company did a survey to investigate the

potential for further investment.

The boy has the potential as a composer.

The potential of the product is

immeasurable.

Word Formation

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17. relate

v. to bring into or link in logical associationrelate to: to be connected with sb./sth.; understand

Examples:

Please relate the cause and effect of the

Some adults can’t relate to children.

The cost relates directly to the amount of

time spent on the job.

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v. scatter

18. scattered

adj. spread all over a large area

Examples:

The weather forecast says that tomorrow

will be sunshine with scattered showers.

After the meeting, there was wasted paper

scattered about.

Word Formation

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19. tease

v. to make jokes or laugh at sb. in order to have fun either in a

friendly way or in an unkind wayExamples:

They teased the child because of his innocence.

Don’t take the words seriously. It’s only teasing.

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n. tendency

20. tend

v. to be likely to behave in a certain way

Examples:She tends to get up early every day.People tend to gain weight on holidays.

Word Formation

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1. call ~

2. consist of

3. dawn on

4. meet one’s need, make ends meet

5. reflect on/upon

6. strain up

7. “time”

8. work out

II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions

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call for: to demand; require; need Examples:

The occasion calls for prompt action. Your promotion calls for a celebration.

call sb./sth. up: to telephone to/ bring back to mind/ summon for military service

Examples:

I will call you up in the morning.The scenes called up my childhood memory.

1. call v.

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call off: to cancel; give upExamples:

You’d better call the deal off.The football match was called off due to the fog.

call by: to visit briefly when passing a house 顺便拜访

call on/upon sb.: to make a short visit to 短暂拜访call on/upon sb. to do sth.: to require sb. 要求，恳请呼吁，号召

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Examples:

consists of is composed of

The book is made up of eight chapters. falls into

Eight chapters constitute the book.

2. consist of: to include as its main parts or aspects

Translation

这本书是由八个章节构成的。

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to make sb. realize

Examples:

It finally dawned on me that he doesn’t

like me.

Through investigation, the truth of the

case began to dawn on him gradually.

Realization of the menace dawned on

3. dawn on

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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions4. meet one’s need

to satisfy the requirementsExample:

The child was spoiled because his parents met his need without a sense of principle.

make ends meet: to earn enough money to live without getting into debtExample:

It was hard for him to make ends meet without the support of parents when he was in university.

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to think carefully about sth. Example:

We have to reflect on what you have mentioned.

Compare:reflect (well/badly…) on sth./sb.: to show that sth./sb. is sound/unsound 显示某事 / 某人健全或不健全 ······Example:

The scandal reflected badly on the President.

5. reflect on/upon sth.

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to make a great effort to move upward

Example: The car strained up in the sun.

strain every nerve to do sth.: to spare no efforts; try hard to do sth.Example:

In order to attain the goal, he strained every nerve to accomplish the given job.

6. strain up

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all the time: always

Examples:

She was the center of attention

in the crowd all the time.

I’ll be with you all the time.

7. “time”

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from time to time: now and then; occasionallyExample:

The daughter visited her parents in a near city from time to time.

for the time being: until some other

arrangement is made Example:

You can stay with us in this apartment for the time being before you find a new place.

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at times: sometimes 有时，间或

at all times: always 随时，永远

at a time: separately; in sequence

逐一，依次

at the time: at a certain moment in

the past 在那时

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Examples:He felt very nervous in public at times.I’m at your service at all times.You can take it a bit at a time.Jeniffer decided to marry Ben at the time, but later changed her mind.

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in the nick of time: at the last moment 在最后时刻

Example:We got the railway station in the nick of time and caught the train finally.

a race against time: being desperate to do sth. before a certain time 争分夺秒

Example:It was a race against time to save people buried under the collapsed building.

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to turn out; be capable of being solved; find the answer to

Examples:

How will things work out?

This problem will not work out.

They’ve worked out a method of sending a

spacecraft to Mars.

8. work out

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

1. Prefix–re

2. Suffix–ance (ence)

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingrefill refill

prefix

rootPrefix—re-: (from Latin) again

refill= fill again

rearrangerearrest reconsider reconstructremarry rename reopen reorganize reprintreproduce revisit rewrite

重新布置 / 整顿 / 安排再次逮捕再斟酌重建 / 改造再婚重命名再开始 / 重开重建 / 编；改组再印 / 版；翻印再现 / 生；生殖再访；重游改写；重写

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Please translate the following words by yourself.

reappear

rebuild

reeducate

reemploy

regroup

rejoin

remake

retell

reunite

复发；再出现重建；改造再教育；改造再聘重新组合重返；重新加入重制；翻新复述重聚；再结合

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-ance (-ence): (from Latin) forming nouns,

meaning “the action, quality or state of doing sth.”

ignoranceignorance

ignore v.

suffix

Suffix –ance (-ence)

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accept attend depend occur perform prefer refer assist appear differ

III.III. Word buildingWord building

Give corresponding nouns of the

following verbs.

acceptanceattendancedependenceoccurrenceperformancepreferencereferenceassistanceappearancedifference

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarParallelism Parallelism

Definition:

Parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Parallelism is a basic organization mode for discourse, and as such can take place on a large scale (affecting the arrangement of an entire unit of discourse) or a small one. Parallel elements may range from a minimum of two to any number required.

“ Parallelism” stems from Greek word “parallelos”, which means

“side-by-side”.

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Every place has special meanings for the people in it, and in a certain sense every place represents the center of the world.

(Para. 7)

the similarity of structure in a pair of related phrases

ParallelismParallelism

IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

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We all tend to regard as the center that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning: family, school, town and local region could all be our center of the world. (Para. 6)

the similarity of structure in a pair of related clauses

ParallelismParallelism

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarAnadiplosisAnadiplosis

Definition: “Anadiplosis” stems from two Greek words meaning "to double back again" or "to reduplicate" and refers to the rhetorical device where the last word(s) of one clause is taken up in the first word(s) of the successive clause.

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Every place has special meanings for the people in it, and in a certain sense every place represents the center of the world. The world has numerous such centers, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them. (Para. 7)

AnadiplosisAnadiplosis

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The love of wicked men converts to fear, that fear to hate, and hate turns one or both to worthy danger and deserved death. (Shakespeare, Richard II)

Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business. (Francis Bacon)

AnadiplosisAnadiplosis

Examples:Examples:

Analyze the grammatical

function of the italic parts.

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Part fivePart five Resource Resource ExtensionExtension

I. Quiz

II. Writing

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I.QuizI.Quiz

1. Quiz 1

2. Quiz 2

3. Quiz 3

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I. Quiz 1I. Quiz 1

trust casually

minor curable

practical doubt

incurable earlier

plump major

later impractical

formally slender

Choose the words with opposite

meanings in the two columns and match

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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

1. Although he couldn’t ____ my success, he_____ me that he would give whatever help I needed. a. be ensured, assured b. assured, ensured c. assure, ensured d. ensure, assured

2. The situation _____ immediate action. a. calls up b. calls for c. calls over d. calls out

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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

3. Scientists hope they can _______ in cloning.

a. make a breakthrough b. make a fuss

c. make a backbreaking d. make a faith

4. She fetched the bricks four_____ in order to save time. a. in time b. at a time

c. on time d. at the same time

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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

5. Only in a few countries ____ enjoy a reasonable standard of living. a. the whole of the population b. where the whole population c. does the whole of the population d. will the whole population

6. Can you _____ that problem? a. work for b. work out c. work over d. work in

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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

7. I am _____ of that college. a. on the staff b. in the staff c. at the staff d. with the staff

8. That is the robber ______ arrest a reward was offered. a. for whom b. for whose c. about whom d. about whose

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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

9. Even as a child, she had admired her acting, especially ____ she demonstrated her role's courage. a. in the way b. by the way c. the way d. any way

10. Kelly is ___________ than Jeff. a. more experienced a driver b. a more experienced driver c. more an experienced driver d. more experienced driver

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11. Unfortunately, _____ they are giving us so

much pleasure, cars are also poisoning us.

a. when b. as c. since d. while

12. Naturally, we don’t like ____ in the dark about

anything that has a great deal to do with

ourselves.

a. being kept b. to be kept

c. having kept d. be kept

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 213. The ball hit her ____ the head. a. in b. by c. at d. on

14. As soon as the class was over, the students began to speak____.

a. along b. all along c. at all d. with along

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2 15. The agreement has been kept______, but not on yours.

a. in our part b. by our part

c. on our part d. at out part

16. The number of the employees______ in this company.

a. have doubled b. has doubled

c. are doubled d. were doubled

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

17. The new washing-machine has been______. a. giving us trouble b. getting us trouble c. asking us trouble d. looking for us trouble

18. In the first half, we had the advantage _____ the opposing team. a. of b. than c. over d. upon

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

19. His ____ of the basic structure is good but his vocabulary is limited. a. hold b. grip c. grasp d. seizure

20. I ____ your office on my way to work. a. call at b. call for c. call in d. call on

B T L EW

1. _____ blood ( 贵族血统 )

2. in the ____ wood ( 处境顺利 )

3. ____ feather ( 胆怯 )

4. a _____ young novice ( 无经验的年轻新手 )

5. as ____ as pitch ( 漆黑 )

6. live to a _____ old age (老当益壮 )

I.Quiz 3I.Quiz 3blue

Fill out the blanks with the proper words of color.

B T L EW

II.WritingII.Writing

My View on Cultural Globalization

Globalization could be a two-edged sword. In the modern world, with the rapid development of economic globalization, different cultures tend to influence each other. One of the obvious phenomena is that more and more countries are being assimilated in terms of culture by the United States, which is the strongest nation nowadays. What’s your opinion on the cultural globalization?

the green banana

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