the future for educational resource repositories in a web 2.0 world
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A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edspace Workshop 2009:
The Future for Educational Resource Repositories in a Web 2.0 WorldBrian KellyUKOLNUniversity of BathBath, UK
UKOLN is supported by:This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat)
Acceptable Use PolicyRecording of this talk, taking photos, discussing the content using email, Twitter, blogs, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.
Acceptable Use PolicyRecording of this talk, taking photos, discussing the content using email, Twitter, blogs, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.
Resources bookmarked using ‘edspace09’ tags Resources bookmarked using ‘edspace09’ tags
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/edspace-2009/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/edspace-2009/
Email:b.kelly@ukoln.ac.uk
Twitter:http://twitter.com/briankelly/
Blog:http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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About Me
Brian Kelly:• UK Web Focus: a advisory post on Web standards,
developments and best practices• Involved in Web development since Jan 1993• Promoting innovation and best practices for the
Web, including Web 2.0
UKOLN:• National centre of expertise in digital information
management• Funded by JISC and MLA to support the
higher/further education communities and the cultural heritage sector
• Based on University of Bath
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
3
Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & wikis Social networking Social tagging
• Trust and openness• Benefits of scale
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & wikis Social networking Social tagging
• Trust and openness• Benefits of scale
Web 2.0
What Is Web 2.0?
Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”
Web
2.0
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web and Web 2.0
Initially differing perspectives:• It’s a trendy marketing term• It’s meaningless• It’s not a formal technical term• …
Now:• Widely accepted• Let’s embrace the term• Let’s put higher educational use of
Web 2.0 in a historical context
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A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
5
JISC Development Approach The JISC Information Environment diagram has afocus on backend provider issues:
• Establishment of calls• Project management
guidelines• Standards document• …
Later:• E-Framework• SUMS• Service Genres• …
IE Technical architecture
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
6
My Take (2001)
In 2001 in a talk on “The Web In The 21st Century” I suggested that applications could be provided on the network:
• Bookmarking services• Spell-checkers• (Word processing
applications)
What I missed:• Commercial provision of such services (I envisaged jisc.ilicio.us!)• Mixed economy (I was Old Labour)• New business models (Google makes money; we spend money)
Local National International
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
7
Web 2.0 – It’s WorkingIn brief:
• It’s attracting users• It’s attracting investment• It relates to aims of educational sectors and
political environment: Importance of social & informal learning Encouraging students to become well-informed digital
citizens Allows our rich cultural & scholarly resources to be
accessed widely Public / private collaboration Avoidance of unnecessary public expenditure
In the opening plenary talk at the Umbrella 2007 conference Lynne Brinley highlighted the importance of Web 2.0 to the British Library and encouraged conference delegates to “just do it!”
In the opening plenary talk at the Umbrella 2007 conference Lynne Brinley highlighted the importance of Web 2.0 to the British Library and encouraged conference delegates to “just do it!”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
8
Opportunities & Challenges
The challenges:• Getting our audiences back• Responding to the wide diversity of applications
being developed• Responding to the lightweight development tools
and approaches being taken
The opportunities:• Learning from Web 2.0 successes• Responding to changes (we’ve been doing this
for centuries!)• Applying innovative practices appropriately (and
not just on top of existing working practices)
Slide used at JISC conferences in 2007 & 2009
Slide used at JISC conferences in 2007 & 2009
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Getting Our Audience Back
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If we build it will they come?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web 2.0 and EdshareEdshare:• Embracing a
Web 2.0 approach
• But which aspects?
• What’s missing?
• What are the risks?
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A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edshare and Web 2.0
Edshare service: provides RSS feeds11
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edshare and Web 2.0
12Edshare service: provides tag clouds
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edshare and Web 2.0
13Edshare service: provides cool URIS and embedding
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edshare and Web 2.0
14This looks interesting
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Edshare and Web 2.0
15D’oh!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
16
Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & wikis Social networking Social tagging
• Trust and openness• Benefits of scale
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & wikis Social networking Social tagging
• Trust and openness• Benefits of scale
Web 2.0
Another perspective on Web 2.0
It’s not about the technological aspects, it’s about rethinking ownership and use of services and content
Web
2.0
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
17
The 1 – 9 – 90 ChallengeParticipation Inequality: Encouraging More Users to
Contribute In most online communities, 90% of users are lurkers who never contribute, 9% of users contribute a little, and 1% of users account for almost all the action. (Jakob Neilson, Oct 2006)
Potential Benefits:• Globalisation• Cross-fertilisation• Unexpected benefits• Maximising impact
Potential Dangers:• Globalisation• Mono-culture• Unexpected dangers• Loss of impact
Remember that Social Web services improve as the numbers of users increase
Remember that Social Web services improve as the numbers of users increase
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Why I’m A Fan
Slideshare:• Easy to upload slides• Can be embedded in Web
pages• Statistics provided
More importantly:• Annotation facility• Slides can be ‘favourited’• I can see my fans, and the
other slides they like• Amazon style “readers who
bought this book also liked these”
Would this level of popularity be possible on an institutional or even national repository?
Would this level of popularity be possible on an institutional or even national repository?
http://www.slideshare.net/lisbk/...http://www.slideshare.net/lisbk/...
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Research Influencing Teaching?
Note 8,617 views in June 200819
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Is It Risky?
Scenario
What happens if a third party provider goes out of business?
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/londoninmaps/exhibition.html
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/londoninmaps/exhibition.html
There’s a need for risk assessment, risk management, etc. But this also applies when you are developing software, procuring development work, etc.
There’s a need for risk assessment, risk management, etc. But this also applies when you are developing software, procuring development work, etc.
Application ElsewhereWhat will happen to our life savings if our bank goes out of business? Do we keep our money under the mattress?And note Guardian headline “Secret List of Universities Facing Collapse”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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A Mixed Economy
We are likely to have a mixed economy:• Systems managed in-house• Use of external services
We need to ensure these can co-exist and utilise their respective strengths
http://efoundations.typepad.com/efoundations/2007/06/the_repository_.htmlhttp://efoundations.typepad.com/efoundations/2007/06/the_repository_.html
“… there is potential for institutions to push out their repository content to other services that have a more up to minute Web interface? This would not need to be a long term commitment and would enable institutions to cater in a more targeted way to their particular 'consumers'.
Rachel Heery, UKOLN
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
22
A Question“How Can Institutions Develop Innovative and Affordable Tools to Engage Increasingly Sophisticated Audiences” (JISC Digitisation Conf 2007)Some thoughts:
• In some areas they shouldn’t attempt to compete with market place successes (e.g. Google)
• If some cases institutions should be indifferent to the service provider (e.g. Microsoft or Google Docs)
There are real needs to:• Answer the question “Why develop?”• Be realistic if development work is funded• Be user-focussed (and this isn’t necessarily easy)• Be prepared to write off investment if users don’t
want what we’ve developed
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
23
Being RealisticOptions in light of the credit crunch:
• Let’s build up an empire now which will be embarrassing to close down
• Let’s use issues of ownership, stability, privacy, … to stifle discussion of 3rd party solutions
• Let’s explore a blended approach (a 3rd way?)
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
24
Can We Expect To Compete?
We:• Focus on the rules• May find innovation breaks the rules• May encounter ‘job’s worth’ in our institutions
They:• Have to deliver the goods in order to make money• Can be more flexible in interpretting the rules• ‘Job’s worths’ won’t to last in innovative companies
We: “don’t use trendy technologies like AJAX. We care about blind users and WCAG AA conformance”They: know WCAG approach is flawed; know about ARIA and hybrid accessibility. They will take risks
We: “don’t use trendy technologies like AJAX. We care about blind users and WCAG AA conformance”They: know WCAG approach is flawed; know about ARIA and hybrid accessibility. They will take risks
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A Hybrid Approach
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University of Bath’s OPUS repository
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Risk Management JISC infoNet Risk Management infoKit:
“In education, as in any other environment, you can’t decide not to take risks: that simply isn’t an option in today’s world. All of us take risks and it’s a question of which risks we take”
Examples of people who are likely to be adverse stakeholders:• People who fear loss of their jobs • People who will require re-training • People who may be moved to a different department /
team • People .. required to commit resources to the project • People who fear loss of control over a function or
resources • People who will have to do their job in a different way • People who will have to carry out new or additional
functions • People who will have to use a new technology
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
27
Critical Friends
See <http://critical-friends.org/>See <http://critical-friends.org/>
JISC U&I programme is encouraging establishment of “Critical Friends”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Scenario Planning
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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29
Biases
Subjective factors
Towards a Framework
“Time To Stop Doing and Start Thinking: A Framework For Exploiting Web 2.0 Services”, Museums & the Web 2009 conference
IntendedPurpose
Benefits (various
stakeholdersRisks
(various stakeholders
Missed Opps. (various
stakeholdersCosts
(various stakeholders
• Sharing experiences
• Learning from successes& failures
• Tackling biases• …
• Critical Friends• Application to
existing services
• Application to in-house development
• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
30
Using The Framework
IntendedPurpose
Benefits (various
stakeholdersRisks
(various stakeholders
Missed Opps. (various
stakeholdersCosts
(various stakeholders
Community support
Rapid feedback
Justify ROIOrg. brand
Community-building
Low?
Twitter for individuals Organisational Fb Page
Marketing events,…
Large audiences
Ownership, privacy, lock-in
Marketing opportunity
Low?
Critical Friends• UKOLN blogs• Email list
discussionsLearning
• Many blogs Engaging with a Twitter community
• Conferences• Papers• …
Note personal biases!
Note personal biases!
Use of approach in two scenarios: use of Twitter & FacebookUse of approach in two scenarios: use of Twitter & Facebook
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Conclusions
To conclude:• Adding AJAX interfaces, folksonomies,
annotation features, etc. to existing may miss out on the benefits that large-scale social networks can provide
• Remember 1 – 9 – 90• You’ll need to assess the risks of 3rd party
services• But this is nothing new• The main issues are policy ones, not
technical
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
32
Conclusions
Acknowledgments to Michael Edson for the Web Tech Guy and Angry Staff Person post / comic strip
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
33
Questions
top related