the first flight of euso balloon a prototype of jem-euso jim adams a, evgeny kuznetsov a, matthew...
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UHECR 2014 1
The First Flight of EUSO Balloona prototype of JEM-EUSO
Jim Adamsa, Evgeny Kuznetsova, Matthew Rodencala, Jurgen Sawatzkia, Mark Christlb, Lawrence Weinckec and Johannes Eserc for the EUSO Collaboration
aUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvillebNASA Marshall Space Fight CentercColorado School of Mines
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 2
Objectives for the first flight of EUSO-BALLOON:• Test and mature JEM-EUSO
technology• Detect the UV signals from the
helicopter and use them to calibrate EUSO-BALLOON
• Measure the UV background
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 3
EUSO BALLOON Design• Video Camera
very high speed very sensitive
• Focal Surface Photon Detection
Module (PDM) from JEM-EUSO
• IR CameraBispectral 10.8 & 12 μmwaterproof measures the
color-temperature of clouds
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 4
Fresnel Optics• Entrance Aperture: 1 m2
• Field of View: 12• Focal Spot: ~7 mm diameter• Resolution: ~500 m at sea level• Estimated throughput: 50%
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 5
Photon Detection Module
• 36 Multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs)– 64 anodes each
• 2304 pixels, total• Each MAPMT is
covered by a UV filter (300-400 nm)
• Framing time: 2.5s
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 6
Infrared Camera
• Frame Rate: 0.0125 Hz• Bispectral: 10.8 & 12 μm• FoV: 45
10/13-15/2014
The extensive air showers (EASs) from extreme energy cosmic rays extend deep into the troposphere.
An infrared camera is needed to monitor for interference from clouds. This camera will be used to:• Measure cloud cover• Determine cloud top altitudes
With these measurements:• Dead-time can be estimated
UHECR 2014 7
Balloon flight Operations
• Flight: ~5 hours at 38 km altitude• Field of view on the ground: ~250 m2
• Energy threshold: ~5X1017 eVNo cosmic rays expected
• Forced trigger at 20 Hz• Laser used to simulate horizontal EASs• Flashers used to simulate vertical EASs
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 8
Helicopter Under-flight for Calibration
10/13-15/2014
A Bell 212 helicopter carrying a UV flasher and a UV laser was flown under EUSO-BALLOON on a helicopter at an altitude of ~3.2 km for 2.5 hours on August 24/25.
The laser and flashers were fired at 19 Hz.
•
9J. Eser, L. Wiencke
Laser System:Energy 9-16 mJ EAS equivalent ~ 1020 eVPolarization randomizedGPS synchronized
10
Laser pulses fired from helicopter while under the balloon
Laser BeamCalibration (pre and post flight)
J. Eser, L. Wiencke
UHECR 2014 11
The Flashers
10/13-15/2014
UV LED
Xenon Lamp Holder with mounted filters
Firing Sequence
• UV LED• Laser• Xenon Flasher
October 1 -10, 2014 JEM-EUSO Workshop - Toulouse 12
UV LED Calibration Characteristics
Projected number of photoelectrons at focal pixel versus control voltage. Calibration curve was measured before and after flight in Canada
October 1 -10, 2014 JEM-EUSO Workshop - Toulouse 13
Calibration of the Xenon Flasher
Projected number of photoelectrons at focal PDM pixel at 4 high voltage settings. Integrated number of photoelectrons over 8 consecutive GTU time frames. Calibration was conducted after the flight in Canada.
UHECR 2014 14
Inside the Helicopter
10/13-15/2014
Flasher Controller
Laser
UHECR 2014 15
Helicopter Operations
10/13-15/2014
Johannes Eser operated the laser and the flasher via a single-board computer he programmed
Matthew Rodencal directed the pilots to fly under the balloon using a balloon tracker system he developed.
UHECR 2014 16
Tracking Beacons on EUSO-BALLOON
10/13-15/2014
Redundant Trackers on EUSO BALLOON
Quarter-wave HAM Antenna on the landing fame at the bottom of EUSO-BALLOON
UHECR 2014 17
Balloon Track (blue)Helicopter Track (Red)
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 18
Helicopter Viewed from the Balloon
10/13-15/2014
Circumscribed CircleInscribed Circle
UHECR 2014 19
Appearance of Ideal Focal Spot
10/13-15/2014
Prepared by Jörg Bayer & Alejandro Guzman
Flasher and Laser Firing Sequence• LED Flasher (70 s)
• Laser – 7 ns pulse (FOV crossing time 25 s)
• Xe Flasher (~50 s)
Video Clip – 320 sCadence – 20 clips/sec
UHECR 2014 20
Video Clip from EUSO BALLOON
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 21
Data Analysis Plans• Use the onboard magnetometer and other data to
find the orientation of EUSO BALLOON – Determine the position of the helicopter image on the
focal surface versus time– Identify flashes from the helicopter– Calibrate EUSO Balloon at many places on the focal
surface• Search the video clips for flashes not from the
helicopter• Measure the ambient background light level during
the flight10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 22
Plans for the Next Flight
• Objectives– Detect the first cosmic ray EAS signals from above– Search for EAS-like background flashes
• Instrument Upgrades– Add a cosmic ray self-trigger– Add a third lens for chromatic correction and
improved focus• Possible Flight Operation
– Launch from New Zealand – Land in South America (Southern Patagonia)
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 23
The End
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 24
Helicopter Track
10/13-15/2014
UHECR 2014 25
JEM-EUSO MissionObjective: Find the accelerators of the most energetic particles in the universe and discover how they work.• Measure extensive air
showers in the atmosphere
• Reconstruct the energy and arrival direction of each particle.
Very large high-speed and wide-angle video camera to capture video clips of the nitrogen fluorescence in the atmosphere from extensive air showers caused by extreme energy cosmic rays.
10/13-15/2014
Balloon
EUSO-Balloon38 km
Fiel
d of
Vie
w
Timmins CampaignAugust 24/25th 2014 Timmins CN
3 kmLaser
Flasher, LED
V1.0 8/30 2014
Bell 212 Helicopter
27
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