the feasibility of a 2+1 solution for the bruce highway: curra to the tinana interchange
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Feasibility Study for a 2+1 Design Solution:
Feasibility Study for a 2+1 Design Solution for the Bruce Highway:Curra to the Tinana InterchangeBEB801 Project 1103/06/2016BEB801 Project 1
Source: Wikipedia, (2015)James Wilkinson
1
Out of CrisisThe Bruce Highway is the most dangerous road in Australia
Bruce Highway Action Plan: Out of Crisis$8.5 billion for upgrades to the 1700km highway
Fatal crash rate of 0.2853 per km of road per year (17 fatalities per year on average)
03/06/2016BEB801 Project 12
Source: Metcalfe et al, (2005)
Curra to the Tinana Interchange62.4km length and 8m wide pavements
Generally undulating terrain with two mountainous sections
10,000 AADT
No major upgrade planned in the next 20 years only a 12.5m pavement widening
03/06/2016BEB801 Project 13
Features of the 2+1 Design03/06/2016BEB801 Project 14
Source: National Road Authority, (2004)Third continuous overtaking lane
Widened central median generally with a cable barrier
Critical / Non-Critical Lane changeovers for equal overtaking opportunities
Left in / left out manoeuvres only
2+1 Road Cross Section Designs03/06/2016BEB801 Project 15
Source: Gazzini, (2008)
Intersection FeaturesGenerally will occur at lane changeovers
Directional traffic will drop to one lane each way
Due to left in / left out operations between intersections U turn facilities are required
03/06/2016BEB801 Project 16
Source: National Roads Authority, (2004)
Source: Gazzini, (2008)
Outcomes of 2+1 Highway DesignSignificant reductions in fatal crashes (>50%)
Elimination of head on crashes
Reductions in overtaking and run-off accidents
Bottlenecks at lane changeover point area concern03/06/2016BEB801 Project 17
Roadway TypeFatality Rate2 lane Rural Highway0.282+1 Roadway0.164 Lane Divided Highway0.19
Source: Potts et al, (2003)
2+1 Road Design SuitabilityGenerally flat / rolling terrain
AADT within 5,000 to 15,000 optimal range
Significant reduction in fatal and severe accidents03/06/2016BEB801 Project 18
Source: Google Maps, (2016)
Road Design and Planning Manual ComplianceDesign life of 40 years
Very limited applicable content
Starting and termination points for overtaking lanes on high grades
Sight Distance requirements
Flood immunity for a Q100 flood event03/06/2016BEB801 Project 19
Source: Department of Transport and Main Roads, (2013)
2+1 Design ConcernsA missing link on the Bruce Highway
Minimum requirement for 13m wide pavements
Congestion at lane changeovers
Potential for undesirable carriageway operation and sight distance in mountainous terrain
Limited flood immunity03/06/2016BEB801 Project 110
Source: Google Maps, (2016)
Curra to Tinana Interchange 2+1 Cost EffectivenessA Benefit Cost Ratio of 3.32 for a 2+1 design can be calculated
This is based on the implementation of a 2+1 road reducing the fatality rate by 50%
03/06/2016BEB801 Project 111
FactorValueDesign Life40 yearsAnnual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)10,000Cost of Human Life$2,500,000Road Length62.4kmConstruction Cost$4.3 million/kmOriginal Fatalities0.2853/kmPredicted0.1426/km
Conclusion and RecommendationsImplement 2+1 Road from Curra to the Tinana Interchange
Widen the pavement to 13m minimum to facilitate the 2+1 configuration
Implement lane changeovers to meet RPDM specifications and sight distance requirements
Provision of cable barrier
The option for duplication in the future is not impacted 03/06/2016BEB801 Project 112
Source: National Roads Authority, (2004)
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