the establishment of the digital library for earth systems education (dlese): from books to bytes...
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The Establishment of the Digital Library for Earth Systems Education (DLESE): From Books to Bytes
John T. SnowCollege of GeosciencesUniversity of Oklahoma
University of Reading31 March 2003
Outline
Definitions:
In The Beginning …
Collections
Support – Short term and long term
Current Status
A Few Usage Statistics
Continuing Issues and Challenges
Definition:What Is A Digital Library?
digital library: “A managed environment of multimedia materials in digital form, designed for the benefit of its user population, structured to facilitate access to its contents, and equipped with aids to navigate the global network ... with users and holdings totally distributed, but managed as a coherent whole.”
Mel Collier, International Symposium on Research, Development, and Practice in Digital Libraries 1997
Point: Role(s) of community are unclear, implicitly passive
Definition: What is DLESE?The Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE) is a community-owned and governed library offering high-quality electronic resources that foster learning about the Earth at all educational levels. When fully operational, DLESE will offer access to peer-reviewed teaching and learning resources, interfaces and tools to allow exploration of Earth data, services to help users effectively create and use educational resources, and an ‘intellectual commons’ facilitating sharing, collaboration, and excellence in Earth systems education.
Community owned and governed – Get involved, the library responds to changing user needs. About engaging users as contributors – DLESE seeks to support not only wide dissemination of existing materials, but creation of new materials. About scaling success – By fostering wide dissemination, DLESE seeks to scale local and regional successes to a national level. About providing a forum for sharing – Not only content, but ideas, enthusiasm, and support.
Point: Role of community is central! DLESE relies on its community to contribute educational resources and collections, to develop services that enhance the usefulness of DLESE, to participate in library governance and planning, and to contribute ideas and feedback on how to improve the library
Definition:National Science Digital Library
National STEM Digital Library (NSDL) “Building on work supported under the multi-agency Digital Libraries Initiative, this program aims to establish a national digital library that will constitute an online network of learning environments and resources for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education at all levels.”
Supported by NSF, Directorate of Human Resources, Division of Undergraduate Education
POINT: DLESE collaborates with the NSDL with the intent of acting as the Earth System Science node of the NSDL.
In The Beginning …1998 – 1999:
Geoscience Digital Library Project, NSFEstablishing a Digital Library to Support Education in Earth and Space Sciences, NSF, Portal
to the Future WorkshopArticulation of DLESE Community through Publication of Community Plan Formation, DLESE Governance Structure.
2000 Digital Library for Earth System Education: Implementing the DLESE Community Plan First Annual DLESE Community Workshop (Bozeman, MT)
2001 NSDL and AFGE NSF solicitation Implementation of prototype DLESE web site – August, Version 1.0
2002 DLESE Program Center: Providing Infrastructure for a Distributed Community Library NSF Geoscience Community SolicitationNSDL Solicitation
Collections
User-developed/user-contributed
Users as contributors
Value added by DLESE: Metadata (cataloging)
Tailored Search Engine
Collections
Case studies, lesson plans, maps, Earth data sets and imagery, visualizations, assessment activities, curricula, online coursesDistributed: all materials reside on originator’s serversIncludes tools and interfaces necessary for applicationSpecial Collections (named)
Collections
The Broad Collection provides both the widest possible range of resources, and a forum in which resource users can provide feedback to creators to iteratively improve the quality of individual resourcesThe Reviewed Collection provides the highest quality teaching and learning materials, and helps resource creators achieve academic career recognition.Community Review System – move from Broad Collection to Reviewed Collection
Support – Short term and long term
National Science Foundation
Professional Societies?
Foundations, NGO’s?
Publishers?
Current Status
Operational, but still a prototypeVersion 2.0 in 2003
Emerging Leadership Role in NSDL
IR search API
Data
Index and report data
Index
DCS
IndexXML
•Transform to ADN•Schema validation
•Generate annotation metadata
OAIharvester
XMLXMLXML
OAIprovider
Index
OAIprovider
XML•Transform to DC
Resource-to-ID mapper•Identify duplicate URLs found in a single collection•Map each resource (URL) to all IDs that exist for the resource across collections•Link checking service
DLESE v2.0
Collection-level metadata editor
User search
DDSCollectionmanager
1. Internal collectionbuilding and QA
2. Import external collectionsand review metadata
3.
4. 6.
11. Export via OAI-PMH
10. ODL search
9. Discovery
8. Collectionmanagement
5.
7. Index and report data
Collection-level metadata
XMLXML XML
Item-level metadata,review status metadata
XML
Data store
Developer’s Workshop(2/19-2/20)
Developer’s Workshop(2/19-2/20)
Review of 2002 (first full year of operation) …
A Few Usage Statistics
What’s Being ReportedEstimation of human interaction with library
Session: Same IP with less than 30 minute breakOverall Sessions, Main Services, Referrals
Data: Merge of logs from services hostedDPC, SERC (Carleton), LDEO (Columbia)
ExclusionsDeveloper machines (updated list)
• DPC, SERC, Montana, LDEO, AGI
Search engine crawlers (updated list)Machine-to-machine calls, e.g. OAI transfers
Search Engine ReferralReferring URL - URL from where user “clicked”
URL of page that contains a link to DLESE
URL of result page at a search engine (e.g. Google)
Logs can include referring URL
Identify referrals from main search enginesGoogle (80%), Yahoo (10%), Others (10%)
Single Hit Search Engine ReferralE.g., where Google user clicks from their result page to a DLESE page, then no further interaction with DLESE
Overall Sessions per Month 2002
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Ju
n
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Month of 2002
Ses
sio
ns
per
mo
nth
Overall Use
Overall Use(excluding singlehits from SE referrals)
Discovery (Search & Browse)
Sessions per Month for Select Service Areas
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Ju
n
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Month of 2002
Ses
sio
ns
per
mo
nth News & Opps
(excluding single hits from SE referrals)
SERC (excluding single hits from SEreferrals)
CRS
Discovery
*CRS did not log referrals in this period
ObservationsDiscovery system is most popular service (as expected)
Other service areas have similar use levelsOff main home-page navigation
Excluding single-hit search engine referrals
Growth of CRSUsers moving between browse page and CRS
Impact of being indexed in Search Engines50% of traffic from search engine referrals
Consider Google a portal to DLESE
Design for users, design for search engines
Observations: Session Durations
After excluding single-hit search engine referrals70% of sessions view < 4 pages, duration < 1 minute
• Classic “search engine” behavior (ref. Menbar, Yahoo)
10% of sessions view > 10 pages, duration > 10 minutes
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1,800
2,100
2,400
2,700
3,000
3,300
01
23
45
67
89
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Vis
its
Activity Level By Hour of the DayActivity Level By Hour of the Day
Hours
Organization by Top-Level Domain
Organization distribution35% .k12.xx.us, .edu
34% .net (includes ISP’s)
25% .com (includes broadband ISP’s)
3.5% .gov
2% .org
0.5% other
Final Comments on Useage
Added proxy to capture which resources a user goes to from DLESE results page
Similar approach to Yahoo
Statistics on resources chosen from results
Started end of January
Another set of use data.
Collection of usage data from services
Monthly collection and merging
AnalysisRequires significant time for interpretation
Continuing Issues and Challenges
Long-term fundingNecessary but not sufficient for success
Widening the Community – users and contributorsKey to long-term sustainability of collections and services
IP issues with potential supportersPrivacy issues with CommunityInteroperability with wider DL community, user platforms, NSDL, search engines such as Yahoo, Google
DLESE in the News
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