the circulatory system

The Circulatory System

Anatomy

The Heart

The Pump

As it beats, it forces blood through one-way valves to the entire body.

Arteries

Muscled tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Become smaller the further away they get from the heart.

Most are deep in muscles or protected by bones.

Veins

Muscled tubes carrying blood toward the heart.

Have a series of one-way valves that let blood flow through them.

Become larger as they get closer to the heart.

Capillaries

Microscopic, thin-walled vessels.

Situated between the veins & arteries throughout the body.

Exchange of body nourishment & oxygen occurs here.

Blood

Plasma is the fluid part of blood & consists of nutrients, carbon dioxide, hormones & water.

Plasma equals to 50% of an adult’s total blood supply.

Plasma contains:

Red cells: carry oxygen

White cells: fight disease

Platelets: break down & aid clotting; also repair damaged vessels.

The Determining Criteria in ALL CBD Categories:

Level of consciousness (LOC)

Respiratory distress Shock- inability to

perfuse

Levels of Consciousness ALERT: Person is awake & aware

of surroundings. VERBAL: Person responds to verbal

stimulus only. PAIN: Patient responds to painful

stimulus only. UNRESPONSIVE: Patient is not

arouseable.

Suggested Questions to Ask

“Is the person awake?”

“Have you tried to wake him/her?”

“Does he/she respond to you?”

Respiratory Distress

Not speaking normally - WOB

Working hard to get air.

Pale Sweaty Sometimes

cyanotic These people

are very sick!

Critical Signs & Symptoms

Anxiety, restlessness Decreased LOC Cyanosis Rapid breathing, tachypnea Noisy respirations Labored appearance Diaphoresis

Non-Critical Signs & Symptoms

Stuffy nose

SHOCK

Inadequate tissue perfusion, or lack of oxygen delivery to body , mainly the major organs.

Symptoms of Shock:

Unable to sit/stand without feeling like they will pass out• What is the physiology behind

this sign/symptom?

Signs of Shock:

Decreased LOC, leading to unconsciousness

Pale, moist & cool skin Shallow, rapid breathing Obvious fluid loss, bleeding,

vomiting, diarrhea

Types of Shock:

Hemorrhagic = blood loss Hypovolemic = large loss of fluids Anaphylactic = life-threatening

allergic reaction to substances

Septic Shock = shock caused by severe infection

Cardiogenic = cardiovascular system failure

Neurogenic = resulting from spinal cord injury

Respiratory System

Oxygenates blood and expels waste gasses (carbon

dioxide) from the body.

Pharynx

Has 2 passages through which air flows in & out of the body:•Oral pharynx•Nasal

pharynx

Epiglottis

Leaf-shaped mass of cartilage suspended over the larynx

It opens when you breathe, closes when you swallow.

Larynx

The narrowest portion of the adult respiratory passage.

Referred to as the “voice box” because it contains the vocal cords.

Trachea

An air passage, about 4.5” long

Round in shape with cartilage rings around diameter to keep it open

Lining secretes mucous

Bronchi

Trachea divides into the right & left main stem bronchus, one to each lung

Bronchioles

a narrow tube inside the lungs that branches off the main air passages (bronchi)

contribute to the cleansing function of the respiratory system, for they, too, are lined with mucous membranes and ciliated cells that move mucus upward to the pharynx.

Lungs

Where exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs.

Right lung is divided into 3 lobes.

Left lung is divided into 2 lobes.

Alveoli

Microscopic, thin-walled air sacs.

Exchange of gases between air & blood occurs here.

Diaphragm & Rib Muscles

Diaphragm is the major muscle of breathing.

wide muscular partition separating the thoracic, or chest cavity, from the abdominal cavity.

Pleura

The 2 linings on the inside of the chest wall = partial pleura

The lining that covers the outside of the lungs = visceral pleura

In contact with each other

Lubricated by fluid

IdentifyThe Numberedimages

Questions?