the age of absolutism in europe 16 th -18 th centuries

The Age of The Age of AbsolutismAbsolutism

ininEuropeEurope1616thth -18 -18thth centuries centuries

What is an absolute What is an absolute monarch?monarch?

A king or queen with A king or queen with complete control of complete control of their country or their country or empire.empire.

(Note: If it’s someone with complete control (Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictatordictator.).)

How did monarchs get their How did monarchs get their power?power?

From God, of course!From God, of course!

Divine RightDivine Right: Monarchs : Monarchs receive their power from receive their power from God and are only God and are only responsible to God.responsible to God.

How should an absolute How should an absolute monarch rule?monarch rule?

Two Englishmen had Two Englishmen had different views on the role of different views on the role of an absolute monarch. They an absolute monarch. They were were Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes and and John Locke.John Locke.

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes Wrote Wrote LeviathonLeviathon (1651) (1651) Before society was organized human Before society was organized human

life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.”brutish and short.”

Social Contract Social Contract is made to form a is made to form a state and not destroy each other.state and not destroy each other. People in the state agree to be ruled by People in the state agree to be ruled by

an absolute ruler with unlimited poweran absolute ruler with unlimited power This ruler must have absolute power in This ruler must have absolute power in

order to preserve order in society.order to preserve order in society. Supported Absolute MonarchsSupported Absolute Monarchs

John LockeJohn Locke Wrote Wrote Two Treaties of GovernmentTwo Treaties of Government (1690) (1690) Natural RightsNatural Rights-rights with which you are born-rights with which you are born

Life, liberty, prosperityLife, liberty, prosperity Agree to form a government to protect Agree to form a government to protect

rightsrights Gov. was to protect the rights of the peopleGov. was to protect the rights of the people People are to be reasonable toward the gov.People are to be reasonable toward the gov. If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the

people should OVERTHROW the gov.people should OVERTHROW the gov.

European Absolute European Absolute Monarchs Monarchs

to Remember!to Remember!FourFour European Absolute Monarchs European Absolute Monarchs

And when they And when they reignedreigned

Philip II of Spain: 1556-1598Philip II of Spain: 1556-1598 Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715 Frederick the Great of Prussia: Frederick the Great of Prussia:

1740-17861740-1786 Peter the Great of Russia: 1689-1725Peter the Great of Russia: 1689-1725

Philip Philip IIII of Spainof Spain1556-15981556-1598

42 years!42 years! Took control of Took control of Portugal and its Portugal and its territories in Africa, territories in Africa, India, and the East India, and the East IndiesIndies

Inherited the Spanish Inherited the Spanish Empire in the Empire in the AmericasAmericas

For a time, Spain was For a time, Spain was the richest, most the richest, most powerful nation in the powerful nation in the world. Then…world. Then…

We they tried to We they tried to invade England in invade England in 1588, they were 1588, they were defeated…defeated…

The Defeat of The Defeat of Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada

In In 15881588EnglishEnglish Fire ships!Fire ships!

EnglandEnglandhad smaller,had smaller,faster shipsfaster shipsAnd the And the weather playedweather playeda BIG part.a BIG part.

Spain’s Golden AgeSpain’s Golden Age Siglo de OroSiglo de Oro

Golden CenturyGolden Century Brilliance of its Brilliance of its

arts and arts and literatureliterature

Philip IIPhilip IIpatron patron of the artsof the arts

Miguel de Miguel de CervantesCervantes

Don QuixoteDon Quixote Europe’s first Europe’s first

modern novelmodern novel Pokes fun at Pokes fun at

medieval tales of medieval tales of chivalrychivalry

Louis Louis XIVXIV of France: 1642- of France: 1642-1715 1715

73 years!73 years! Became King of Became King of

France at the age France at the age of ……….6!of ……….6! Govt. was Govt. was

controlled by controlled by Cardinal Cardinal Richelieu & Richelieu & Cardinal Cardinal MazarinMazarin..

Louis didn’t take Louis didn’t take control of govt. control of govt. until he was 23until he was 23..

Wanted to be Wanted to be called the “Sun called the “Sun King”King”

Because as the Because as the planets revolve planets revolve around the sun, so around the sun, so should everyone should everyone and everything in and everything in France revolve France revolve around him!around him!

The “Sun King”The “Sun King”

The Palace of The Palace of VersaillesVersailles

(head of (head of gov.)gov.) The Palace of The Palace of

VersaillesVersailles Kept nobles out Kept nobles out

of his govt., but of his govt., but in his sight, at in his sight, at the Palace!the Palace! Over 25,000 people Over 25,000 people

lived there!lived there! He is the perfect He is the perfect

example of an example of an ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE MONARCH!MONARCH!

Religion…What was it in Religion…What was it in France?France?

CATHOLICCATHOLIC

Anti-Protestant policiesAnti-Protestant policies Forced to convert or forced to payForced to convert or forced to pay

ECONOMY and WARECONOMY and WAR

Decreased imports, Decreased imports, increased exportsincreased exports

Built roads and Built roads and canalscanals

Spent a lot of Spent a lot of money to support money to support his lavish lifestylehis lavish lifestyle

400,000 400,000 members of the members of the standing armystanding army

Waged four Waged four wars to increase wars to increase the power of the power of FranceFrance

Louis’s LegacyLouis’s Legacy Spent lots of Spent lots of

money on money on himself!himself!

Marked the Marked the beginning of the beginning of the modern statemodern state

On his deathbed, On his deathbed, his advice to his his advice to his great-grandson, great-grandson, the next king: the next king: Don’t be like Don’t be like me!me!

Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great of of PrussiaPrussia

1740- 1786 - 46 years!1740- 1786 - 46 years!(Prussia is NOT Russia!)(Prussia is NOT Russia!)

Some interesting facts Some interesting facts about Frederick the Greatabout Frederick the Great

Abused by and hated his Abused by and hated his father.father.

Father said he was a Father said he was a “sissy.” “sissy.”

Tried to run away with a Tried to run away with a friendfriend

Was caught. Was caught. Father furious. Father furious. Both thrown into prison. Both thrown into prison.

Friend beheaded. Friend beheaded. Frederick had to watch!Frederick had to watch! Went temporarily insaneWent temporarily insane

Emperor Frederick the Emperor Frederick the GreatGreat When he became When he became

emperor..emperor.. Led his troops into Led his troops into

battle after battle! battle after battle! Mostly against Austria Mostly against Austria

and Maria Theresa.and Maria Theresa. Religious toleranceReligious tolerance Expansion of education Expansion of education

and cultureand culture Defended the plight of Defended the plight of

the poorthe poor Considered a strong Considered a strong

rulerruler Just what his father Just what his father

had hoped for!had hoped for!

CzarCzar Peter the Great Peter the Great His rise to powerHis rise to power

Russia is Russia is frozen in frozen in timetime

Holland and Holland and Sweden are Sweden are powerspowers

1682: The 1682: The beginning of beginning of Peter’s rise Peter’s rise to powerto power

6 ft. 7 inches tall!6 ft. 7 inches tall! Traveled to Traveled to

Western Europe in Western Europe in disguisedisguise

Came back and Came back and modernized modernized (Westernized) (Westernized) RussiaRussia

Czar Peter the Czar Peter the GreatGreat

of Russiaof Russia1689-1725 36 years!1689-1725 36 years!

Peter Visits Western Peter Visits Western EuropeEurope

95% of Russians 95% of Russians were serfswere serfs

Went to Western Went to Western Europe in 1697Europe in 1697

Visited Visited Amsterdam = Amsterdam = richest city in richest city in the worldthe world 4,000 trading 4,000 trading

shipsships Kept his identity Kept his identity

a secret to learn a secret to learn how to build a how to build a shipship

The Revolt of the Palace The Revolt of the Palace Guards!Guards!

Peter Challenges the Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Church and Years of

Tradition Tradition

Peter Goes to War against Peter Goes to War against SwedenSweden

To Get Access to the SeaTo Get Access to the Sea

Peter has his city built St. Peter has his city built St. Petersburg!Petersburg!

Peter’s Failure as a Peter’s Failure as a FatherFather

Peter the Great: Peter the Great: A A Summary and his DeathSummary and his Death

Czar Peter the Great:Czar Peter the Great: Lasting Legacy Lasting Legacy

Who’s your Favorite?Who’s your Favorite?

Which of the Absolute Monarchs did Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and you find the most interesting and why?why?

The Age of Absolutismin

Europe

16th -18th centuries

What is an absolute monarch?

• __________________________________________________________________

• Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator

Thomas Hobbes• Wrote ________________ (1651)

• Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.”

• A ____________ ____________ is made to form a state so people will not destroy each other.– People in the state ___________ to be ruled by an

absolute ruler with ____________ power– This ruler must have _______ _________in order

to preserve ____________ in society.

• _______________ Absolute Monarchs

John Locke• Wrote ___________________________(1690)

• _______ _____-rights with which you are born– Life, liberty, prosperity

• Indvs. _______ to form a gov. to protect _____

• Gov. was to protect the ________ of the people

• People are to be reasonable toward the gov.

• If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should ___________________ the gov.

Three European Absolute Monarchs to Remember!

……….And when they reigned

• _____________________ of Spain: 1556-1598

• ____________________ of France: 1642-1715

• ____________________ of Russia: 1689-1725

Philip II of Spain1556-1598

___ years!• Took control of

____________ and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies

• Inherited the Spanish Empire in the ________

• For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then…

• We they tried to invade ___________ in 1588, they were defeated…

The Defeat of ________ Armada

In 1588English Fire ships!

• Englandhad ___________,_________ shipsAnd the __________ playeda BIG part.

Spain’s Golden Age• Siglo de Oro

Golden Century

• Brilliance of its arts and literature

• Philip IIpatron of the arts

• Miguel de _________________

• Don Quixote– Europe’s first modern

________

– Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry

Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715 _____ years!

• Became King of France at the age of ……….___!–Govt. was

controlled by __________ Mazarin.

–Louis didn’t take control of govt. until he was ___.

Cute little guy, ehhh?!

The “Sun King”

• Wanted to be called the “____ King”

• Because as the planets _________

around the sun, so should everyone and everything in France _________ around him!

The Palace of Versailles

• The Palace of _____________

• Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his ________, at the Palace!– Over ____________

people lived there!

Louis XIV’s Legacy• Spent lots of

money on ___________!

• Fought ________ wars to increase the power of France

• On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: _____ ___ ____ _!

Czar Peter the Great His rise to power

• Russia is frozen in time

• H___________ and S___________ are powers

• 16__: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power

• More Notes:

• 6 ft. 7 inches tall!• Traveled to

_________ Europe in disguise

• Came back and modernized or _________________ Russia

Czar Peter the Czar Peter the GreatGreat

of Russiaof Russia1689-1725 ____ 1689-1725 ____

years!years!

Peter Visits Western Europe• _____% of Russians were s_______

• Peter went to ____________ Europe in 1697

• Visited Amsterdam = _______ city in the world– 4,000 trading ships

• Kept his identity a __________ to learn how to build a ship

• More Notes:

The Revolt of the Palace Guards!

• Notes:

Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Tradition

• Notes:

Peter Goes to War against SwedenTo Get Access to the Sea

• Did Peter Get what he wanted?___________________________

Peter Builds his City

• Why did Peter want a city built where it was?

• At what cost was St. Petersburg built? (Don’t think money!)

Peter’s Failure as a Father

• Does this story sound familiar?

• Does this story change your opinion of Peter the Great? Why or why not?

Peter the GreatA Summary and his Death

• What were the most important accomplishments of Peter the Great?

The Lasting Legacy of

Czar Peter the Great• Why do you think Peter the Great was important in the

history of Russia? What is his greatest legacy?

To Live in a country where one person has Absolute Power?

• Advantages? • Disadvantages?

Who’s your Favorite?

• Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and why?

• Now: Complete the Absolute Monarch Chart you’ve been given for Homework.

• Due: __________________________