the affective turn seminar 2
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Faculty of Education SOTL@UJ
TOWARDS A SOCIALLY JUST PEDAGOGY
The Affective Turn
Bella Vilakazi
23 October 2014
An artist…invents unknown or unrecognized affects and brings them to light as the becoming of his characters…Artists are presenters of affects, the inventors and creators of affects. – Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari
The Affective Turn
Political
Economical
Social
Affects
desires
awe
The Affective turn in the Humanities and Social Sciences
Research approaches for SOTL@UJ
and my PhD study
Baruch Spinoza24 Nov 1632 - February 1677
Gilles Deleuze & Guattari Brian Massumi
Mind Body Affects Affection Affects Emotions
The question of the body and mind Descartes Spinoza
Substances • Mind• Body
• Mind• Body
Interaction / Relationship Correspondences
Existence Mind and body can exist without each other
Mind & Body are two attributes of one
Causality Causality (Clough, 2007)
Dualism Mind: thinks, feels, decidesBody: Occupies spaceNo mental properties
Mind & Body are two attributes of one
Affects in the Spinozian perspective
Baruch Spinoza24 Nov 1632 - February 1677
• The mind and the body have powers to affect and be affected
• The mind has power to think
• The body has power to act, engage, perform
The mind has power to affect and be affected
Internal & external ideas
The body has power to affect and be affected
Responding to intensities of other bodies
Affects in the Spinozian perspective
Mind Power Body Power
Relations Correspondences Autonomy
Michael Hardt’s observation
Power to affect and be affectedRelationships
Correspondences
Mind
Autonomous Separate development
Body
Autonomous Separate development
Borrowing from Critical Realism
• Causality – related and corresponding powers
• Relationships have causal powers or causal liabilities
• Powers have enduring, lasting and unchanging properties
• They are there with or without our understanding of them
• Affects are powers
• Spinoza’s ideas resonates with the Critical Realist philosophy
Empirical – Perceived, observed, experienced events
Actual – Events or non-events that are generated by powers or mechanisms
Real – Powers or mechanisms with enduring properties
Spinozian & Critical Realism Mind Power Body Power
Borrowing from Bhaskar’s transformation model
Correspondences
Relationships
The mindInternal & External ideasenablement/constraint
The bodyInternal & External intensities Reproduction/Transformation
“The perspective of affects, in short, forces us constantly to pose the problem of relationship between the mind and body with the assumption that their powers constantly corresponds in some way” (Hardt, 2007
We know nothing about a body until we know what it can do, in other
words, what its affects are, how they can or cannot enter into
composition with other affects, with the affects of another body,
either to destroy that body or be destroyed by it, either to exchange
actions and passions with it or to join with it in composing a more
powerful body – Deleuze and Guattari
Always be nice to the nurses
We have power to affect and be affected
Gilles Deleuze & Guattari
The Affective turn in the Deleuzian perspective
Affects Affection
The Affective turn: The Deleuzian Perspective
“we are products of affects and powers” (Zembylas, 2006:305)
Modes of existence
AffectionMode of existence(state of affected
body)
Modes of existence
Modes of existence
Modes of existence
• Autonomous
• Mode of existence
• Powers to affect an be affected
• Non-subjective
• Unpredictable
• Embedded in social practices
• E.g. Love, hate
Emotions
• Of the mind
• Modes of existence
• Subjective
• Personal
• Social constructs
• Cultural constructs
• E.g. “ I feel this way”
Brian Massumi: Affect and Emotion
Affects Emotions
“Affect is autonomous because it possess the capacity to
cause impingement, but it attains the level of emotion
when it receives conscious attention/reflection”
(Zembylas, 2006:310)
Michalinos Zembylas and the Affective Turn
Michalinos Zembylas and the Affective Turn (2006)
Affect: Becoming
Modes of existence
Affection
Mode of existence(state of affected
body)
Modes of existence
Modes of existence
Modes of existence
“we are products of affects and powers” (Zembylas, 2006:305)
Places for political transformation
Affective communities Affective economies
Zembylas’s approach in the Affective Turn…
Recognition Witnessing
Eye witnessing
Bearing witness • Empathy• Compassionate imagining• Not shaming
“Acknowledging the human dignity and the agency of the other”
Creating affective connections• Pedagogic relationships
Enables us to understand difference and accept that all of us share the same problems and possibilities
“Witnessing can make us ethically responsible and experience politically liberating affects” (Zembylas, 2006)
Pedagogic encounters & relationships in teaching
and learning
Affective Communities
Epistemological access Classroom
Culture
Affective practices
Affective practices
Affects
Social practices
Pedagogic relationships
Discourse and discourse
Forming to know “that”
Forming to learn “how”
Recognition
Affective practices: The formative feedback practice
Affective practices
Epistemological access
• Wally Morrow and the meaning of epistemological access
• Gilbert Ryle on epistemology (Muller, 2014)
• Knowing what
• Knowing how
• Margaret Whetherell and the juke box dance
Epistemology: The formative feedback practice
The juke box effect
Affective practices: The formative feedback practice
Being and becoming
“there is also the possibility of a kind of solicitude which does not so much leap in for the Other as leap ahead of him in his existential potentiality –for-Being, not in order to take away his ‘care’ but rather to give it back to him authentically as such for the first time. This kind of solicitude pertains essentially to authentic care … it helps the Other to become transparent to himself in his care and to become free of it” (Heidegger, 1998:159
What is the Affective Turn offering just pedagogies
• Transformative possibilities
• Contribution to politics of care
• Contribution to developing citizenship
• Participation in teaching and learning
• Indigenous knowledges
• Powerful knowledge
• Transformation of pedagogic practices
“Human unity – as embedded in friendship, hope, pain, and shared vision – is above all an affective unity, not a subjectified emotion” Donna Harraway.
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