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Th Fi E O Sh The First European On-Shore CO2 Storage Project at Ketzin (Germany)
St t d P ti - Status and Perspective -
Sonja Martens and the Ketzin TeamGFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
Academic Research Strategy Meeting for UK Geologic Storage and Monitoring of CO2
Edinburgh – 7 July 2010
Injection facility
Hydraulictesting
Drilling
Injection wellObservation well
g
1 li if ( ) ff h (b) h
The different geological options for CO2 storage
1 saline aquifers (a) off-shore (b) on-shore2 „enhanced oil/gas recovery“3 depleted oil/gas reservoirs4 unmineable coal seams
injected CO2recovered oil/gasstored CO2
u eab e coa sea s5 „enhanced coal bed methane recovery“6 other (basalts, evaporites, cavern)
1 1b
3 4 5 6
1a2
1b
Ketzin
from national (German) but also global perspective:saline aquifers have largest storage potential
after IPCC (2005) – www.ipcc.ch
saline aquifers have largest storage potential
The Ketzin project and its components
Ketzin covers all aspects of a CO2 storage site with a focus on reservoir monitoring
Location of the Ketzin storage siteg
Aerial view of the Ketzin site
Observation well Ktzi 202Ktzi 202
Injection wellInjection well Ktzi 201
Pipeline
Observation well Ktzi 200
Injection facility20 m
Permissions for Ketzin
Projects and on-going proposals
The CO2SINK Project (04/2004 – 03/2010)
Coordinator: GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (D)G.E.O.S. Freiberg Ingenieurgesellschaft (D)
G l i l S f D k d G l d (DK)
2 j
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (DK)Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute (PL)
Det Norske Veritas (N)StatoilHydro (N)
Shell International Exploration and Production (NL)University of Stuttgart (D)Vibrometric Finland (SF)University of Kent (GB)University of Kent (GB)Uppsala University (S)
RWE Power AG (D)International Energy Agency – Greenhouse Gas Programme (GB)
V tt f ll E G ti (D)Vattenfall Europe Generation (D)Verbundnetz Gas AG (D)
Siemens AG Power Generation (D)E.ON Energie AG (D)
Schlumberger Carbon Services (Fr)
G lGeology
Geology – NE German Basin
Quarternary channel systems
0
2000
InjectionObservation
2000
4000Salt tectonics
6000 Potential CO2 storage sitesin anticline structures Förster, 2006
Geological Cross-Section
cap rock
former CH4 gas storage(250 - 400 m depth)
cap rock
CO2 storage formation(~650 m depth)
Förster et al., 2009
depth
The reservoir – part of the Ketzin anticlinecap rock:
mudstone (Weser formation)porosity ~ 8 %, permeability ~ µD
base Wesertop Stuttgart
depth
reservoir:sandstone (Stuttgart formation)
24 47 t % t
reservoir
24 – 47 wt % quartz13 – 20 wt % plagioclase7 – 30 wt % clay minerals
porosity ~ 26%permeability
laboratory: 300 – 400 mD(b t t i bl )
fl i l t
(but extreme variable)hydraulic tests: 40 – 80 mD
fluvial systemextreme heterogeneous
Norden et al 2007 / Förster et al 2010
base Stuttgart
Norden et al. 2007 / Förster et al. 2010
I j ti O tiInjection Operation
Basic Injection Data
• start of CO2 injection: 30.06.2008
CO lit 99 9% f d d• CO2 quality: 99.9%, food-grade
• cumulative mass of injected CO2: ~ 35 900 t (27 06 2010)~ 35,900 t (27.06.2010)
• actual injection rate: ~ 35 t/d
Injection rates / Total CO2 mass injected
M it i C tMonitoring Concept
Permanent downhole monitoring:
(I) Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) behind casing
(II) Pressure + temperature (Fibre optical sensor)
(III) Vertical Electrical Resistivity Array (VERA)
Surveys:
(I) Seismic monitoring at various scales (crosshole + VSP/MSP)
Smart Casing Installation
Geoelectrical MonitoringThe Combined Concept - The Combined Concept -
(i) Crosshole(i) Crosshole measurements
45 electrodes in the45 electrodes in the wells distance: 10 mdepth: 590 – 735 m
(ii) Large-scale measurementsmeasurements
16 dipoles at the surfaceDipole length: 150 mDipole length: 150 m
r1 = 800 m, r2 = 1500 m
Seismic Monitoring Concept“cross-hole”, VSP, MSP, 2-D Star3-D seismics
3D Baseline 2005: 41 Templates ~14km2
3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates
First results of the 3D seismic repeatPreliminary comparison of reflection amplitudes from top of Stuttgart formation
Juhlin et al 2010Juhlin et al., 2010
Gas Monitoring - Gas Membrane SensorPatent No.: US 7,523,680 B2
quadrupole mass spectrometer
(H , He, CH , N , 0 ,
Ar, CO )2 4 2 2
2 , Kr
dataaquisition
unit
gas sampling
pressurizedArgon
Argon with formation gas
borehole
fluid level
gas flowcontrol unit pure Argon
phase separating membrane
pressure & temperature sensor
formation gas
formation gas
Zimmer et al., 2008
Zimmer et al. 2008
Gas Monitoring - Arrival of Krypton and CO2
Observation Well (Ktzi 200) Observation Well (Ktzi 202)
a u a.u.
kryp
ton
kryp
ton
a.u.
itrar
y un
its
krypton krypton
13. 14. 15. 16.July 2008
23.March 2009
24.18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
e
arbi
n di
oxid
e
n di
oxid
e un
its
CO CO
carb
o23. 24.18. 19. 20. 21 22
carb
on
13. 14. 15. 16.
arbi
trar
y u CO2 CO2
23.March 2009
24.18. 19. 20. 21. 22.July 2008
arrival at Ktzi 200 (50 m way from injector) after ~ 500 t CO2 injected
arrival at Ktzi 202 (112 m away from injector) after ~ 11,000 t CO2 injected
Zimmer et al., 2009
2 j after 11,000 t CO2 injected
Gas Monitoring - New capillary in Ktzi 200g p y
• Installation in March 2010
• Krypton tracer test in April / May 2010
Zimmer et al., 2010
yp p / y
Surface and Shallow Subsurface Monitoring
meteorolgical station
carbon dioxide disc
he
1 km
surface soil flux determination mulitsensor in groundwater well
en H
avel
länd
Rinn
egraben structure
i b th f th
methane determination(in 2 meter deep wells)
Nau
e
isobaths of the Schilfsandstein
rim of subsurface channels
600m
urge
r
channels
800m
ee O
rani
enbu
Rinn
e injection well
Falk
ense
R
Monitoring surface CO2 flux and temperature2005 2006
CO2 injection2007 2008
2009
D t I t tiData Integration
Geoelectric – Seismic Geoelectric
April 2009; injected: 13,5 kt CO2
Seismic
Autumn 2009; injected: 22 - 25 kt CO2p ; j , 2
Ktzi202 Ktzi202
; j 2
Ktzi200 Ktzi200
WNW WNW
Ktzi200Ktzi201
Ktzi200Ktzi201
100 m
100 m
Juhlin et al 2010
Kießling & Rücker, 2010
In principle, results from both methods agree.
Preferred direction of migration: WNW trend
Juhlin et al., 2010
g
Modelling & simulations at Ketzing
G l l d l• Geological model• Risk assessment• History matching• History matching
Eclipse model [F k GEUS]C. Cosma, 2008 Eclipse model [Frykman, GEUS]
S d O tl kSummary and Outlook
Summary for Ketzin
• Saline aquifer developed with three wells
• Injection operation since June 2008 is safe and reliable (today ~ 36,000 t)
• Arrival of CO2 in two observation wells detected -Gas membrane sensor (GMS) proved reliability
• Geophysical monitoring (seismic and geoelectric) capable of visualising the CO2 plume2
• High local, national and international interest with a lot of good press responseg p p
Start of Injection – Ketzin / June 30, 2008
Start of Injection – Ketzin / June 30, 2008
Outlook for Ketzin
• Proposals submitted for further research activities
– CO2MAN (CO2 Reservoir Management)
– CO2CARE (CO2 Site Closure Assessment Research)
• Planned activities for Ketzin include, e.g.
Drilling and installation of third observation well– Drilling and installation of third observation well
– Continuation and extension of monitoring techniques
F th j i t i t t ti d bi ti f d lli – Further joint interpretations and combination of modelling and geophysical data
– Injection of CO2 from Oxyfuel process Injection of CO2 from Oxyfuel process (Vattenfall/Schwarze Pumpe)
German Research Centre for Geosciences14473 Potsdam Telegrafenberg Germany14473 Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Germany
Thank you for your attentiony y
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