texan independence
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TEXAN INDEPENDENCE
Chapter 7 section 3Objective 4.2 Evaluate the impact settlement had upon different groups of people
Mexico Gains Its Independence• 1821- Mexico gains it independence from Spain. Northern territory: Texas, California, New Mexico remained part of Mexico= great distance= political independence from Mexico. Northern Territory Inhabitants: Native Americans & Hispanic settlers= settlements attacked by Apache, Comanche's & others. • the Spanish had est. missions to spread the Christian
faith & Spanish culture.• Native Americans often worked on the in slave-like
conditions • By 1820- mission system had declined• Frontier forts- presidios became weak as well
California• Cattle ranching= mainstay of life• White Spanish “Dons” & families dominated society.• Mestizos- middle class of mixed Anglo-Native
Americans• Native-Americans-bottom of social structure
Americans Move Into Mexican Lands• Post Mexican independence= Americans increasingly
moved to California -• Texas-served as a type of boundary between the US &
Mexico.• Texas- about 2,500 (Tejanos) settled San Antonio &
Goliad• Before 1821-Spain allowed foreigners to settle Texas
Mexico & Texas 1823-1825 Mexico passed 3 colonization
laws Exemption from tax for Americans to settle
in Texas Required Mexican citizenship and
conversion to Catholicism Empresarios – ‘agent’ – given land to fill it
with settlers – became governors National Colonization Act – Mexican Act
giving land to 26 Empresarios Stephen F. Austin
1st & most successful empresario Founded Washington on the Brazos Attracted 1500 families
What is a tejano?1. Spanish speaking
inhabitants of the territory
2. Mixed birth inhabitant
3. Mexican cowboy4. A spicy taco
Americanizing Texas Americans accepted Mexican citizenship-
few adopted Mexican culture or Roman Catholicism.
1826- Benjamin Edwards (brother of an empresario) led a rebellion against the Mexican government= wanted to establish Fredonia= Mexican troops & Tejanos led by Stephen Austin ended the revolt.
In 1830- the Mexican government closed its doors to immigration by Americans.
Mexico & Texas 1830 – Mexico closed its borders, taxed
imports & banned importing slaves Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Mexican leader – become dictator (1834) Austin tried to negotiate (1833) Austin sent a letter to Tejano leaders telling
them to start forming their own governments (1833-34)
Austin prepared Texans to organize an army (1835)
Mexico & Texas Gonzales – 1835 – 1st ‘battle’ won by Texan
army at San Antonio- “Come & Take It”= Americans take San Antonio (Dec. 1835)
Sam Houston – former governor of Tennessee took control of the Texan army
The Alamo- a Spanish mission Texan army (180 men) led by William B. Travis Goal- hold out so Sam Houston could prepare an
army. Reinforcements never came (32 settlers showed
up) After 13 days- the Mexicans overtook the Texans
after a 6 hour battle
The National Colonization Act gave large amounts of land to:
1. Mestizos2. Vacqueros3. Tejanos4. Empresario
s
Mexico & Texas Goliad- Texas troops surrendered= Santa Anna
ordered the execution of 300 Texans Another lost battle by the Texans
Battle of San Jacinto Surprise attack = capture of Santa Anna Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty
recognizing Texas Independence (Mexico never accepted this)
“Remember the Alamo!”, “Remember Goliad” Texans won the war Texas gets its Independence – 1836
The Republic of Texas Sam Houston elected President Voted 3,277 to 91 to be annexed by the
US Congress opposed – slavery problem Andrew Jackson – did nothing John Tyler – President after Harrison
died! wanted to admit Texas as a slave state Killed his chances of a second term
Election of 1844 Annexation was the issue
Henry ClayWhig
For entering Texas as a slave state
James BirneyLiberty PartyAbolitionists
who were Whigs
James K. PolkDemocratTexas as a slave state
James K. Polk 1845-1849 Texas as a slave state ‘Fifty-Four Forty or Fight’-
Campaign slogan Add the Oregon territory as a state extending
the border to the 54th parallel Great Britain & US finally agreed on the 49th
Buy California from Mexico Before Tyler left office he pushed the
annexation of Texas through in 1845
Mexican Reaction Outrage at the annexation Broke diplomatic relations with the US Border dispute
Mexico – Nueces River US – Rio Grande
John Slidell – sent by Polk to purchase California
Jose Joaquin Herrara – president of Mexico refused to meet with him
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