telesforo bravo's research by group 5

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Telesforo Bravo Expósito“ The Man,Who Listened To Stones” 

Telesforo Bravo Expósitowas a prestigious scientist,hidrologist,vulcanologist,geologist, naturalist and

biologist, who was born in Puerto de LaCruz, Tenerife, on January 5, 1913 and

died in the same place on January 7,2002.He worked as a professor at TheUniversity of La Laguna.

He had researched animals inhabitingintertidal pools since he was a child

before he studied ground urchings,thedifferent microclimates of the island,

volcanoes, etcHe appreciated the evolution of sea birds

and their nests.

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We attended to Jaime Coello Bravo's lecture about his granfather Telesforo Bravo Expósito's Hydrological Worksat Viera & Clavijo Highschool

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We also Watch an Interesting Documental about his Researchin CajaCanarias

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His Hydrological investigations: Gravitational Landslides

He noted that there was amaterial similar to clay, whichhe called flangomerado and ispopularly known as mortalón inthe galleries of Tenerife,in

1962 .

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Telesforo Bravo Expósito's Research 

150,000 years ago,Tenerifehad a building with a largecentral dome that collapsedto form the valleys of La

Orotava and Güímar Icod-LaGuancha similar to Hawai

British oceanographers foundout seabed material(flangomerado) that

Telesforo had already

discovered in Tenerife,in1995.

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He worked in Galleries,Aquifers and Wells

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 His Hydrological Research of “La Atalaya” Water Gallery,in La Matanza of Acentejo

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Visiting “La Atalaya” Water Gallery

"La Atalaya" is the water gallery located in LaMatanza de Acentejo.It is 4.5 kilometers, 4.500meters. Its entrance is 900m of the surface. Itis located in the bowels of a Volcano.

The water flowing through the side channel ofthe gallery at the height of the dam,which islocated about 4.300 meters from the entrance tothe gallery of " La Atalaya".

The water is clean and clear with little saltcontent and comes from the recharge zone in theupper the forest a few thousand meters higherafter crossing the entire volcanic complex. 

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TELESFORO'S HYDROLOGICAL RESEARCH 

l Telesforo Bravo Expósitostudied the most

important aquifers of

Canary Islands, thoselinked to the

geomorphology of theNational Park of La

Caldera,specially theAquifer "Coebra",in LaPalmal  

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Groundwater and Infiltration: Water

Storage in Volcanic Soils 

Water storage in the basement starts on the surface of volcanicsoils when conditions are suitable for an infiltration, which can varyin its effectiveness, from a zero value, when it is waterproof until

it reaches 80% of precipitation, by example, when the soil is"gravel" or recent volcanic sand, because it is pure fragmented"glass", where the particles of water does not soak and this water

is drained easily if they are not mixed with dust.

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Groundwater and Infiltration in

Badlands 

Surface water infiltration is effective in "Badlands" (few erodedvolcanic rocks in an arid field). If the rocks are very porous,

absorbed water volume is very large (rain or snow melt), it takesseveral days, drop by drop, filtering it into the ground as the

Badlands of Las Cañadas del Teide.

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The Groundwater and Infiltration of

Grass and Shrubs in Midlands 

Infiltrations are effective in the fields of grass and shrubs in

Midlands,because their roots open the floor and as plant wherethey are born, die, have devices in the trunk to "drain" the air andallow water penetration.

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 The Infiltration of Rainwater under

Waterproof and Semi-waterproof Soil 

Water,by its weight or gravity, goesvertically into surface layers, perhaps ameter in the first 24 hours, depending

on the cracking of rocks or porosity ofthe material, if the surface layer has

received more than 10 mm a day (unlessit evaporates).

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The Infiltration of Rainwater under

Waterproof and Semi-waterproof Soil 

As the infiltrated water depth, soil is morecompact and speed "fall" is slowed and may

vary from 50 centimeters to a few

millimeters per day.If there is a semi-waterproof or waterprooflayer on the way down, it is stored in a

partial aquifer and as waterproof soil ins'tvery extensive eventually,it spills by its

limits and goes down

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Water Runoff 

At a vertical depth between 300 and 350meters (loading or overburden), the water

runs down joints surfaces (fracturesmassive rock layers) into very thin sheets

or slag moves toward more free tradezones where research galleries are leaks

" goteríos "or small springs.

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Groundwater and Infiltration:

Aquifers in Tenerife

There are multiple aquifers up to 1,250 meterswith a lot of water and up springs in galleries

 just 250 meters.Some aquifers are called "hungaquifers" like the one in Laguna Vega with anaquifer up to 25 meters deep and under the

gallery "Salto del Viejo"

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Chanelling Drilling and Galleries

l Water channels and galleries have been drilled since the nineteenthcentury,especially in the area of Anaga and the Orotava Valley to

supply water to the population of Orotava and Puerto de la Cruz citiesand irrigate crops.

l There were 300 galleries in the island,in XX century.About 1,450were drilled in the 80s. 400 wells were exploded much later than thegalleries. The main extractions are Barranco de Vergara Gallery, in

La Guancha Village, with 310.7 hm³ flow and a well called Barrillo ofLieutenant,in La Laguna,with 70.67 million m3.

l  

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Rainfall Storage in Canary Islands: Wells,Reservoirs, Ponds 

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Rainwater Storage in Canary Islands 

l The most used rainwater storage method are ponds,wells andpools.This method consists of waterproofing substrate with a

concrete base for storing rainwater.

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Non Natural Production Methods and Water Treatment 

l Non-natural production methodsand water treatment: sea water,extraction from wells with higher

levels of salt.l There are three sea waterdesalination plants in Tenerife: the

first in Santa Cruz de Tenerife,the second in Granadilla and thethird one in Playa Las Américas

l  l Besides, 16 water treatment plants

of brackish water and nitrate haveincreased in the island.However,

water wells has been reduced tosix, some of them are still in Guía

Isora.

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Looking for New Aquifers, Wells

l  Due to his hydrogeologicalKnowledge, Telesforo also helped

American engineers to obtainsources of water throughout Iran

for US Army thirty bases.

l  l If there was scarcity of water in

the island, his research would betaken into account to look for more

aquifers

http://fundaciontelesforobravo.com/

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BY GROUP 5 

Lucía Becerra Pérez- SpainSilvia Méndez Pérez- Spain

Delia Anadaira Afonso Ramos - Spain

 Yasar - Germanygor Adamowski – PolandJakub Garlin – PolandSzymon Szuba – Poland

Jakub Szuba - Poland